Comparison of Muscle Activities of the Posterior Oblique Sling Muscles among Three Prone Hip Extension Exercises with and without Contraction of the Latissimus dorsi

Activity of Posterior Oblique Sling Muscles during Quadruped Hip Extension with Different Shoulder Positions

“…The POS muscles are involved in dynamic lumbo-pelvic stability, and the thoracolumbar fascia, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris connect the upper extremities to the lower extremities by crossing the posterior side of the body in an 'X' shape [5,12]. Previous studies have mostly measured the EMG of the POS muscles in the prone position [6,10].…”

“…The muscles of the POS are located on the posterior side of the body; for this reason, electromyographic (EMG) activity has been commonly measured in the prone position. Kang and Hwang [5] measured the EMG of the POS muscles during prone hip extension (PHE) with contralateral arm extension and internal rotation to examine the effect of upper extremity movements on lower extremity muscle activity. The contralateral upper extremity muscles (latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, multifidus) are activated during both PHE and PHE with contralateral arm extension.…”

“…The contralateral upper extremity muscles (latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, multifidus) are activated during both PHE and PHE with contralateral arm extension. All the POS muscles are more activated during PHE with contralateral arm extension than during PHE alone [5]. Jeon et al [6] investigated the EMG of the POS muscles during PHE with and without contralateral arm flexion and observed a greater increase in the EMG of the contralateral multifidus and gluteus maximus during PHE with arm flexion than PHE without arm flexion.…”

“…In previous studies, POS muscle activities were measured according to different shoulder positions during PHE. As a result, it was reported that shoulder position affects POS muscle activities during PHE, with an impact on lumbopelvic stabilization [5,10]. However, no studies have been conducted before to evaluate the impact of varying shoulder positions on POS muscle activities in the quadruped position.…”

Tensile Force Transmission from the Upper Trunk to the Contralateral Lower Leg throughout the Posterior Oblique Sling System

“…However, most precedent studies focused only on the unilateral lower extremity linking the ankle to the hip joint or the influence of upper body motion in the sagittal plane when including the upper body. Recent studies demonstrated that the latissimus dorsi is connected to the contralateral gluteus maximus through the posterior oblique sling (POS) system, which is distally connected to as far as the hamstring [23][24][25][26]. Anatomically, the hamstring is also linked to the terminal end by passive connective and neural tissues [27,28].…”