Comparison of NAD with NADP‐dependent Glutamate Dehydrogenase, and CNT with rGO‐modified Electrodes, for the Construction of Glutamate Sensors

Sato, Katsuhiko; Kamijo, Toshio; Takahashi, Satoshi; Sato, Takaya

doi:10.1002/elan.201800160

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Electrochemical analysis has the advantages of easily created probes (being an inexpensive process), the ability to miniaturize the probes, and real-time measurement [1]. In addition, biosensors can be constructed with high selectivity, sensitivity, and time resolution using enzymatic reactions [2][3][4][5]. Biosensors then can be optimized according to its purpose (e.g., food, medical, industrial, or environmental analysis use).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Oxidation of Amines Using a Nitroxyl Radical Catalyst and the Electroanalysis of Lidocaine

et al. 2018

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The nitroxyl radical of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) can electro-oxidize not only alcohols but also amines. However, TEMPO has low activity in a neutral aqueous solution due to the large steric hindrance around the nitroxyl radical, which is the active site. Therefore, nortropine N-oxyl (NNO) was synthesized to improve the catalytic ability of TEMPO and to investigate the electrolytic oxidation effect on amines from anodic current changes. Ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tetraethylamine, isopropylamine, and tert-butylamine were investigated. The results indicated that TEMPO produced no response current for any of the amines under physiological conditions; however, NNO did function as an electrolytic oxidation catalyst for diethylamine, triethylamine, and isopropylamine. The anodic current depended on amine concentration, which suggests that NNO can be used as an electrochemical sensor for amine compounds. In addition, electrochemical detection of lidocaine, a local anesthetic containing a tertiary amine structure, was demonstrated using NNO with a calibration curve of 0.1-10 mM.around the nitroxyl radical active site, and an adequate response current could not be obtained under physiological conditions. Iwabuchi and colleagues [22] reported that 2-azaadamantane N-oxyl (AZADO), which lacks steric hindrance around the active site, exhibited greater activity than TEMPO in organic synthesis reactions. Less-hindered nitroxyl radicals with various steric environments have been synthesized, and those with less bulky functionality exhibited greater activity [23][24][25][26]. Therefore, nortropine N-oxyl (NNO), which was modeled on AZADO, was synthesized in one step as a novel nitroxyl radical compound [27]. The NNO was capable of electrolytic oxidation of alcohols in neutral aqueous solutions. The NNO could be used in place of enzymes, allowing non-enzymatic analysis of glucose under physiological conditions [27]. Phenylboronic acid derivatives have been investigated as glucose sensors [28][29][30]. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) spontaneously binds with a moiety containing a diol [31]. The structural and electrical changes in PBA derivative probes when PBA bonds with the diol moiety can be used for glucose detection [32][33][34]. However, these probes had low specificity for glucose and did not respond under physiological conditions. Superiority of NNO was demonstrated from this report [27]. In contrast, TEMPO has catalytic oxidation ability toward amines as well as alcohols [35][36][37]. Therefore, the present study examined the electrolytic oxidation effect of NNO on amines under physiological conditions and compared the results with those obtained with TEMPO. The results demonstrated that NNO was a good electrochemical analysis probe for secondary and tertiary amines and for isopropylamine under physiological conditions (Figure 1). The oxoammonium ion, which is the active species, reacts with the amine to form hydroxylamine. The catalyst regenerates by reoxidation of hydroxylamine. Furthermore, ele...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Oxidation of Amines Using a Nitroxyl Radical Catalyst and the Electroanalysis of Lidocaine

et al. 2018

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“…Dispersion is necessary to fabricate homogeneous CNT films on the electrode surface because CNTs are insoluble, and water‐soluble polymers have been used as dispersants for CNTs . CNT‐modified electrodes have been fabricated by dropping a dispersion of CNTs in water‐soluble polymers onto the electrode and drying it . This method is commonly used because it is simple, low‐cost, and does not require special equipment.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is commonly used because it is simple, low‐cost, and does not require special equipment. The water‐soluble polymers polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), polyethylenimine (PEI), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have been used as dispersants (Figure ).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cyclic voltammograms of NADH showed an anodic peak potential ( Ep ) at +0.65 V for a bare Au electrode whereas Ep was shifted negatively to +0.34 V for the CNT‐modified electrode owing to the CNTs on the electrode surface. The result was consistent with previous reports of the effect of CNTs on the electrolytic oxidation of NADH and demonstrated that PMB50 was suitable for fabricating CNT‐modified electrodes. The background currents of the CNT‐modified electrodes were substantially higher than those of the bare Au electrode, implying that the CNT layer on the electrode surface had a large surface area .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotube Immobilized Electrode Using Amphiphilic Phospholipid Polymer with Anti‐fouling and Dispersion Property for Electrochemical Analysis

Sato

Konno

2020

Electroanalysis

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A carbon nanotube (CNT)‐modified electrode was fabricated by dropping a dispersion of multi‐walled CNTs in water‐soluble and amphiphilic phospholipid polymer with both dispersing ability and anti‐biofouling property onto a Au electrode. A poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine‐co‐n‐butyl methacrylate) (PMB) composed from 50 mol% of 2‐methacryloxylethyl phosphorylcholine and 50 mol% of n‐butyl methacrylate (PMB50) was used as dispersing reagent for CNTs. The dispersion of water‐insoluble material by PMB50 and its antifouling effects in electrochemical analysis were investigated. The CNT‐modified electrode showed an anodic peak potential that was shifted negatively and an increase in the current value for the electrolytic oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In addition, the charge on PMB50 did not inhibit the electrochemical reaction of the redox compounds K3[Fe(CN)6], [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3, and hydroxymethylferrocene. Cyclic voltammetry of K3[Fe(CN)6] in 4 % bovine serum albumin (BSA) using a bare Au electrode, the anodic peak current was reduced to 47 % of that without BSA. In contrast, the antifouling effect of the PMB50‐coated electrode meant that the current was only reduced to 70 % of that without BSA.

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“…Biosensors with high selectivity, sensitivity, and time resolution can be constructed by combining electrochemical analysis with enzyme reactions. Electroactive compounds, such as H 2 O 2 [4,5] or NADH [6,7], generated by enzymatic reactions can be detected by electrochemical analysis. Glucose oxidase, which generates H 2 O 2 from glucose and O 2 , has been used in blood glucose sensors for diabetes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction Current by an Electrode Modified with Hybrid Polymer/Silica Particles and N,N‐diethyl‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐ethyl)‐N‐methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

et al. 2020

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The electrochemical reaction of H 2 O 2 was promoted by an electrode modified with N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-N-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DEME-TFSI) and hybrid polymer/silica particles, which consisted of an ionic liquid-type polymer brush decorated with silica particles (PSiP). The electrode was prepared by dropping an acetonitrile solution of homogeneously dispersed PSiPs and DEME-TFSI on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode and drying. During cyclic voltammetry in the presence of 3.0 mM H 2 O 2 , the reduction current at À 0.400 mV increased from 0.9 to 3.3 μA compared with the unmodified GC electrode, demonstrating that the electrochemical reduction of H 2 O 2 was promoted on the PSiP/DEME-TFSI-modified electrode.

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Comparison of NAD with NADP‐dependent Glutamate Dehydrogenase, and CNT with rGO‐modified Electrodes, for the Construction of Glutamate Sensors

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Electrochemical Oxidation of Amines Using a Nitroxyl Radical Catalyst and the Electroanalysis of Lidocaine

Electrochemical Oxidation of Amines Using a Nitroxyl Radical Catalyst and the Electroanalysis of Lidocaine

Carbon Nanotube Immobilized Electrode Using Amphiphilic Phospholipid Polymer with Anti‐fouling and Dispersion Property for Electrochemical Analysis

Enhancement of Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction Current by an Electrode Modified with Hybrid Polymer/Silica Particles and N,N‐diethyl‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐ethyl)‐N‐methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

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