“…Electrochemical microbial biosensors are one of the most widely used platforms for microbial biosensors because of their high-sensing accuracy (D’Souza, 2001 ) and possible applications such as point-of-care testing devices (DeBusschere and Kovacs, 2001 ). Therefore, many researchers and industries have introduced electrochemical microbial biosensors that can detect many types of target materials such as glucose (Kohlmeier et al, 2008 ; Odaci et al, 2008a ), heavy metal ions (Chouteau et al, 2005 ; Guedri and Durrieu, 2008 ), phenol (Kirgöz et al, 2006 ; Neufeld et al, 2006 ), and other chemicals (Mulchandani et al, 2001 ; Tkac et al, 2003 ; Lei et al, 2006 ; Tag et al, 2007 ). Electrochemical microbial biosensors generally consist of a working electrode, a transducer layer for detection (microorganisms), and recording equipment.…”