Comparison of Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Influenza Detection in Adults

Irving, Stephanie A.; Vandermause, Mary; Shay, David K.; Belongia, Edward A.

doi:10.3121/cmr.2012.1084

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The result of the swab test differs according to the sampling site, e.g. testing on nasal swabs is less sensitive than on nasopharyngeal swabs [29]. We observed one false negative M. pneumoniae PCR result, yet with a positive serology and consistent clinical findings of pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Molecular testing for respiratory pathogens in sickle cell disease adult patients presenting with febrile acute chest syndrome

Raffetin

Melica

Habibi

et al. 2020

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses

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Introduction. -Lors d'un épisode pulmonaire aigu fébrile chez un sujet drépanocytaire, il est parfois difficile de différencier un syndrome thoracique aigu (STA) d'une pneumopathie infectieuse (ressemblance sémiologique, absence fréquente de documentation microbiologique). Notre objectif était d'évaluer l'apport de la PCR pour détecter des pathogènes respiratoires, en association avec les examens microbiologiques standards, dans la documentation microbiologique des STA fébriles des patients drépanocytaires adultes. Matériels et méthodes. -Étude prospective, monocentrique et observationnelle réalisée de février 2015 à avril 2016. Des échantillons sanguins, respiratoires et urinaires ont été prélevés systématiquement avant et après antibiothérapie à des fins de cultures, antigénuries, sérologies et PCR pour détecter des pathogènes respiratoires.Résultats. -Un pathogène a été détecté dans 12 des 61 STA fébriles (19,7 %) : quatre virus (6,6 %) (Rhinovirus; Influenza A/B), sept bactéries (11,4 %) (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila, M. pneumoniae), une co-infection (1,6 %) (S. aureus et Influenza B). La PCR a détecté une seule infection à L. pneumophila (sérogroupe 2). Si la durée d'antibiothérapie était significativement plus courte (6,1 vs 7,8 jours, p = 0,045) dans le groupe des STA sans documentation microbiologique, aucune autre différence n'a été mise en évidence entre le groupe des STA microbiologiquement documentés et de ceux non documentés.Conclusion. -Chez les patients drépanocytaires adultes, l'utilisation de la PCR à la recherche de pathogènes respiratoires améliore modérément le diagnostic microbiologique des STA fébriles, dans lesquels la part infectieuse est secondaire. AbstractBackground. -Differentiating acute chest syndrome (ACS) from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is challenging in adults presenting with major sickle cell disease (SCD) (semiological similarity, rare microbiological documentation). We aimed to assess the usefulness of nucleic ଝ Preliminary results presented at the 27th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Vienna, Austria, April 22-25, 2017 (Poster abstract P0038).A. Raffetin et al. / Médecine et maladies infectieuses 50 (2020) [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] acid amplification test (NAAT) for respiratory pathogens, in combination with standard bacteriological investigations, in febrile ACS adult patients presenting with major SCD.Methods. -We performed a prospective, monocentric, observational study of 61 SCD adults presenting with febrile ACS from February 2015 to April 2016. Systematic blood, urine, and respiratory specimens were collected, before antibiotic initiation, for culture, urinary antigen tests, serology, and NAAT for respiratory pathogens.Results. -A pathogen was detected in 12 febrile ACS (19.7%): four viruses (6.6%) (Rhinovirus; Influenza A/B), seven bacteria (11.4%) (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila, M. pneumoniae), one mixed infection (1.6%) (S. aureus and Influenza B). NAAT only detect...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Molecular testing for respiratory pathogens in sickle cell disease adult patients presenting with febrile acute chest syndrome

Raffetin

Melica

Habibi

et al. 2020

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sensitivity may have been reduced by time since symptom onset as 26% of clinic samples were collected five or more days after symptom onset when influenza virus is no longer at its highest concentration and as detectable by rRT‐PCR . While nasopharyngeal aspirates or swabs have been considered the best samples for influenza detection in epidemiologic studies, a paired comparison of HCW‐collected nasal and NP swabs for influenza virus detection by PCR in the United States found no significant difference between the two methods although the sensitivity of nasal swabs was lower. Prior studies comparing nasal self‐swabs to HCW‐collected nasal swabs among adults have shown high sensitivity and specificity of nasal self‐swabs .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acceptability and validity of self‐collected nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection among older adults in Thailand

Goyal

Prasert

Praphasiri

et al. 2017

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundSelf‐collection of nasal swabs could improve the timeliness of influenza virus detection in older adults.ObjectivesMeasure the acceptability, adequacy, timeliness, and validity of self‐collected nasal swabs among adults >65 years in Thailand.MethodsOur evaluation consisted of two parts: a one‐month study among randomly selected, community‐dwelling older adults to simulate community‐based surveillance for acute respiratory infections (ARI); and a clinic study of older adults with ARI to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of self‐collected nasal swabs for influenza virus infection compared with healthcare worker (HCW)‐collected nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs.ResultsIn the community study, 24% of participants experienced an ARI during the observation period. All (100%) participants with an ARI self‐collected nasal swabs within 72 hours of symptom onset of which 92% were considered adequate samples. In the clinic study, 45% of patients with ARI presented within 72 hours of symptom onset. The sensitivity of self‐collected nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection was 78% (95% CI 40‐97) compared to nasopharyngeal and 88% (95% CI 47‐100) compared to nasal swabs collected by HCWs. Specificity was 100% (95% CI 97‐100) compared to both methods. Self‐collection of nasal swabs was found acceptable by 99% of participants in both studies.ConclusionsSelf‐collection of nasal swabs was acceptable to older adults in Thailand who were able to take adequate samples. Self‐collection of nasal swabs may improve the timeliness of sample collection but lower sensitivity will need to be considered.

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“…With this method of detection, specimen processing requires nucleic acid stability rather than organism viability previously needed for culture. Many studies have compared various types of specimens, swabs, and processing buffers for influenza and other respiratory virus RT‐PCR assays [Abu‐Diab et al, ; Hernes et al, ; Irving et al, ; Spackman et al, ]. Laboratory‐based studies have found that influenza RNA was stable on dry swabs for days prior to processing if kept at room temperature or cooler [Moore et al, ; Druce et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of influenza by real time RT-PCR is not affected by delays in respiratory specimen processing

et al. 2016

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Background Sample processing for real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based diagnostic assays requires stabilizing sample ribonucleic acid (RNA) in lysis buffer prior to testing. The stability of viral RNA prior to processing is difficult to assure. It is unknown if clinical sample integrity is compromised by delays in processing, as may occur due to weekends and holidays. We sought to examine the integrity of respiratory specimens with variable processing times. Study Design Upper respiratory specimens were collected during 3 influenza seasons 2009-2012 and tested for influenza virus and internal control human RNase P (RNP) RNA by rRT-PCR. Time to processing was measured in hours from specimen collection to placement in lysis buffer. Results 635 (11.4%) of 5583 samples were influenza positive. Mean and median times to processing were 11.5 hours and 6.0 hours respectively (min 0.1h, max 105.2h). There were no significant associations between time to processing and presence of RNP (OR=1.0, p=0.740), or detection of influenza (OR=1.0, p=0.060). Longer duration of illness was associated with a lower likelihood of influenza detection (OR=0.92, p<0.001) and with increased influenza A cycle threshold (Ct) values (p<0.001), while older age was associated with increased influenza B Ct values (p=0.001), indicating the presence of less amplifiable RNA. Conclusion Delays in time to processing of upper respiratory specimens up to 105 hours were not associated with decreased detection of amplifiable RNA, suggesting specimen integrity is not compromised by such delays.

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Comparison of Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Influenza Detection in Adults

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular testing for respiratory pathogens in sickle cell disease adult patients presenting with febrile acute chest syndrome

Molecular testing for respiratory pathogens in sickle cell disease adult patients presenting with febrile acute chest syndrome

The acceptability and validity of self‐collected nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection among older adults in Thailand

Detection of influenza by real time RT-PCR is not affected by delays in respiratory specimen processing

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