Comparison of Natural Fiber Types as Reinforcement Material on Composite Mechanical Properties via Carbon Nanotubes Addition

Abstract

Composites with natural fiber reinforcement have been widely used in various field. Natural fibers have the advantages of easy recycling, environmentally-friendly characters, renewable, non-toxic, inexpensive, high toughness, good insulation against heat and noise, and good thermal properties. The aim of this paper is compare natural fibers used as reinforcing material on composite with an epoxy matrix and the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT). The natural fibers used are oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), bagasse, and hemp fiber. Alkalization treatment with NaOH was carried out on natural fibers to remove impurities on the fiber surface and activate hydroxyl groups. CNTs need to be functionalized to achieve the desired compatibility. Functionalization is carried out by the mild acid oxidation method using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Silane coupling agent treatment is carried out on natural fibers and CNTs to improve compatibility with the matrix. The result of the bending strength test of OPEFB, bagasse, and hemp fiber was 509.94 MPa, 36.22 MPa, and 18.12, respectively, in addition to CNT 0.5% mass. The bending strength of OPEFB fiberismore significant than bagasse and hemp fiber, so it has the opportunity to be developed in the automotive industry.