Comparison of non-invasive Staphylococcus aureus sampling methods on lesional skin in patients with atopic dermatitis

Abstract

There is evidence that Staphylococcus aureus colonisation is linked to severity of atopic dermatitis. As no gold standard for S. aureus sampling on atopic dermatitis skin lesions exists, this study compared three commonly used methods. In addition, effectiveness of standard skin disinfection to remove S. aureus colonisation from these inflamed skin lesions was investigated. In 30 atopic dermatitis patients, three different S. aureus sampling methods, i.e. detergent scrubbing, moist swabbing and tape stripping, were performed on naïve and disinfected skin lesions. Two different S. aureus selective media, mannitol salt agar and chromID agar, were used for bacterial growing. Quantifying the S. aureus load varied significantly between the different sampling methods on naïve skin lesions ranging from mean 51 to 1.5 × 104 CFU/cm2 (p < 0.001). The qualitative detection on naïve skin was highest with the two detergent-based techniques (86% each), while for tape stripping, this value was 67% (all on chromID agar). In comparison, mannitol salt agar was less sensitive (p < 0.001). The disinfection of the skin lesions led to a significant reduction of the S. aureus load (p < 0.05) but no complete eradication in the case of previously positive swab. The obtained data highlight the importance of the selected sampling method and consecutive S. aureus selection agar plates to implement further clinical studies for the effectiveness of topical anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Other disinfection regimes should be considered in atopic dermatitis patients when complete de-colonisation of certain skin areas is required, e.g. for surgical procedures.

Rapid Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Using Paper-Derived Electrochemical Biosensors

“…54 Toward this goal, the experiments described herein were performed following the oxidation of K 4 Fe[CN] 6 (at 0.4 V, vide infra Figure 5A), produced by the bacteria from K 3 Fe[CN] 6 in the presence of mannitol, which serves as a differential agent for the identification of S. aureus from various samples. 58,59 2.4. Potentiostat.…”

Investigating the Antibacterial Activity and Safety of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles versus a Commercial Alcohol-Based Hand-Sanitizer: Can Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Be Useful for Hand Sanitation?

“…However, in some circumstances, S. aureus can spread locally and develop serious, and occasionally deadly, deep infections [ 91 , 92 ]. This is due to the ability of S. aureus to penetrate the epidermal surface and disseminate through all skin layers when swapped on the skin [ 93 ]. Thus, in the current study, shaved rat skin was swapped with S. aureus and the bacteria was able to penetrate the skin barrier and produce deep infections, confirming the infectivity of the bacteria as revealed in gross examination ( Figure 8 ).…”

Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistance isolated from cats in animal clinic at Sidoarjo District, East Java, Indonesia

“…MRSA infections, including colonization, are found using culture (Nelson et al 2019). Nasal swab samples should be carried out via media transfer, followed by S. aureus culture on specific medium (Lagler et al 2022). The method used to identify and isolate the bacteria may have an impact on how quickly it is found in clinical specimens and biochemical assays to distinguish S. aureus from other Staphylococci, coagulase tests of this type are utilized (Karmakar et al 2016).…”