Comparison of nonintensified and intensified CCD detectors for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Carranza, Jorge E.; Gibb, Emily; Smith, B. W.; Hahn, David W.; Winefordner, J. D.

doi:10.1364/ao.42.006016

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As seen in Table 6, using this technique, LODs in the femtogram range can be achieved (Carranza et al 2001;Lithgow et al 2004) by employing very sensitive ICCD cameras (which have been shown to increase the S/N ratio by an order of magnitude; Carranza et al 2003), gated delay times, and high-energy lasers. However, FSA limits the size of particles that can be spectroscopically detected.…”

Section: Limits Of Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

Birch

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A new approach has been developed for making near-real-time measurement of elemental composition of aerosols using plasma spectroscopy. The method allows preconcentration of miniscule particle mass (pg to ng) directly from the sampled aerosol stream through electrostatic deposition of charged particles (30-900 nm) onto a flat-tip microneedle electrode. The collected material is subsequently ablated from the electrode and monitored by laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy. Atomic emission spectra were collected using a broadband spectrometer with a wavelength range of 200-980 nm. A single-sensor delay time of 1.3 µs was used in the spectrometer for all elements to allow simultaneous measurement of multiple elements. The system was calibrated for various elements including Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Na, and Ti. The absolute mass detection limits for these elements were experimentally determined and found to be in the range of 0.018-5 ng. The electrostatic collection technique has many advantages over other substrate-based methods involving aerosol collection on a filter or its focused deposition using an aerodynamic lens. Because the particle mass is collected over a very small area that is smaller than the spatial extent of the laser-induced plasma, the entire mass is available for analysis. This considerably improves reliability of the calibration and enhances measurement accuracy and precision. Further, the aerosol collection technique involves very low pressure drop, thereby allowing higher sample flow rates with much smaller pumps-a desirable feature for portable instrumentation. Higher flow rates also make it feasible to measure trace element concentrations at part per trillion levels. Detection limits in the range of 18-670 ng m −3 can be achieved for most of the elements studied at a flow rate of 1.5 L min −1 with sampling times of 5 min.

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Section: Limits Of Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

Birch

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…138,145,158 The very fast gating capability is quite important since it allows a delay in starting detection in relation to application of the laser pulse, called delay time, removing from the detector signal the high intensity background continuum emission present in the early moments of plasma formation. In addition, it is used to optimize the detection for different decay rates between the plasma background continuum and the atomic emission for a given element.…”

Section: Detecting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…84,120,128,164,165 Recent papers dealing with comparisons between detecting systems employing ICCD and a non-intensified CCD for LIBS reported better performances for the ICCD in terms of temporal resolution, dynamic range and detectivity, even with the intensifier gains adjusted to their minimum values. 138,158 Carranza et al 158 observed an increase in the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the ICCD in relation to the CCD system from 2.8 to 25-fold for the 393.37 nm calcium emission line measured in calcium-based aerosols. Sabsabi et al 138 observed an increase in the LOD of the ICCD in relation to the CCD system from 1 to 2 orders of magnitude from analytical curves for Cu, Mn, Mg and Be in aluminum alloy samples and Ni, Fe and Ag in copper alloy samples.…”

Section: Detecting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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“…A CCD detector provides less background signal, although ICCD improves the signal-tonoise ratio and is better for time-resolved detection using windows of a few nanoseconds [42]. Another problem related to ICCDs is the price, which is much higher than CCDs.…”

Section: Spectrometers and Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges

2012

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique that provides an accurate in situ quantitative chemical analysis and, thanks to the developments in new spectral processing algorithms in the last decade, has achieved a promising performance as a quantitative chemical analyzer at the atomic level. These possibilities along with the fact that little or no sample preparation is necessary have expanded the application fields of LIBS. In this paper, we review the state of the art of this technique, its fundamentals, algorithms for quantitative analysis or sample classification, future challenges, and new application fields where LIBS can solve real problems.

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Comparison of nonintensified and intensified CCD detectors for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges

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