Comparison of objective and sensory skin irritations of several cosmetic preservatives

Abstract

There are many cosmetic ingredients, such as preservatives and fragrances, known to elicit adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the side-effects of cosmetic preservatives, by evaluating objective and subjective skin irritation. The method comprised of 2 parts. In part 1, we tried to compare 24-hr patch test results with the sensory irritation potential of several preservatives. In part 2, skin cumulative irritation test for 21 days and sensory irritation test were performed to compare various combinations of preservatives in 4 types of formulations. Our data showed that methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, phenoxyethanol (PE) and chlorphenesin (CPN) have similar objective skin irritation potential at the minimal inhibitory concentration of each preservative, but CPN has higher potential than other preservatives in subjective irritation. Sensory irritation of preservatives changed according to formulation type, and PE combined with CPN highly increased irritation. There was correlation between antimicrobial activity and skin objective irritation but not sensory irritation. Influence on skin sensory irritation varies with the combination of preservatives. Therefore, for the development of new preservatives and cosmetics, it is important to evaluate skin sensory irritation of preservatives used in cosmetic products according to the type of formulations.

Allergic responses of people of different age, gender, and class to the cosmetic products: A survey-based study

“…[19] In addition to these, beauty products, such as bindi, talcum powder, shaving cream, perfumes, lipsticks, and others, were also found to cause allergic reactions in terms of respiratory disorders, contact dermatitis, skin irritation, eye irritation, and others. [20,21] There are many factors attributed to the allergic effects due to beauty products. Heavy metal contamination in products is one the important reason behind allergic reaction.…”

The Use of Preservatives in Cosmetic Products and Their Efficiency Testing

“…Ürünlerdeki koruyucu maddelerin ürünün raf ömrü ve kullanım süresi boyunca korumayı sağlamak için yeterli konsantrasyonda olması gerekmektedir. Burada önemli olan, koruyucu madde miktarının hem tüketiciyi mikroorganizmalardan yeterli derecede koruması hem de tüketicinin epitel hücreleri-ne toksik ve irritan etkisinin olmaması ve aşırı duyarlılık gibi önemli problemlere yol açmama-sıdır (18,32) . Bu nedenle, koruyucu olarak kullanı-lacak maddenin ürüne girebilecek her türlü mikroorganizmaya karşı düşük konsantrasyonlarda etkili olması, tüketici üzerinde alerjik, toksik ya da tahriş edici etkisinin olmaması, üre-tim sırasında ve ürünün raf ömrü boyunca (değişen sıcaklık ve pH değerlerinde) kararlı olması, formülasyondaki diğer maddelerle geçimli olması, renksiz ve kokusuz olması, suda çözünebilir olması, ürünün fiziksel özelliklerini değiştirmemesi, mikroorganizmaları ortama adapte olmamaları için hemen öldürmesi, yasa ve yönetmeliklere uygun olması ve ucuz ve kolay ulaşılabilir olması gibi bazı özelliklere sahip olması gerekmektedir (3,20,26,36) .…”

The use of nanoencapsulation to decrease human skin irritation caused by capsaicinoids

“…27 It is important to analyze the sensation of skin irritation because it is not always well correlated with objective determinations of skin irritation. 28 The percentages of volunteers who felt slight, moderate, or severe irritation at each time point for each formulation are shown in Table 2. After application of formulation CH-ET-CP, slight irritation was described by the volunteers, moderate irritation after 30 (8%), 60 (45%), 90 (8%), and 120 minutes (15%), and severe irritation after 60 (8%) and 90 (8%) minutes.…”