Comparison of olfactory and gustatory disorders in Alzheimer’s disease

Kouzuki, Minoru; Suzuki, Tetsuya; Nagano, Masaya; Nakamura, Syouta; Katsumata, Yuto; Takamura, Ayumi; Urakami, Katsuya

doi:10.1007/s10072-017-3187-z

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, there were no significant differences in the changes in the TDAS, OSIT‐J and PSQI‐J scores from pre‐intervention (week 4) to intermediate intervention (week 16) or post‐intervention (week 28) between the groups (Table ). When the cut‐off point of OSIT‐J was set to ≤7.5 points in reference to the previous research, 31 (88.6%) patients had olfactory disorders at baseline. When the cut‐off point of PSQI‐J was set to ≥5.5 points in reference to the previous research, six (17.1%) patients showed declines in subjective sleep quality from baseline values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some patients with dementia exhibit olfactory disorders, and there are several reports on olfactory disorders, particularly in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and those with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) . Furthermore, it has been reported that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is a pre‐dementia state, exhibited olfactory disorders and that MCI patients with severe olfactory disorder exhibited poor memory performance . In addition, it has been reported that amyloid ß, phosphorylated tau and alpha synuclein, which are proteins associated with the pathogenesis of AD or DLB, were deposited in olfactory‐related areas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the effect of aroma oil as a bath salt on cognitive function

Kouzuki

Kitao²,

Kaju³

et al. 2019

Psychogeriatrics

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Background Aromatherapy is a non‐pharmacological therapy for the improvement of dementia symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effects of aroma oil as a bath salt on cognitive function, olfactory function and sleep quality. Methods This was a randomised controlled trial. Overall, 49 patients were able to provide consent, and 35 were finally analysed (Alzheimer's disease: 10, mild cognitive impairment: 25). The patients were randomly assigned to use 0.1%, 0.5% or 1% aroma bath salt. During daily bathing, bath salt was added to the bath water, and the subjects remained in the bathroom for ≥10 min. The intervention period was 24 weeks, and the observation periods were 4 weeks before and after using the aroma bath salt. We performed the Touch Panel‐type Dementia Assessment Scale (TDAS), the Odour Stick Identification Test for Japanese (OSIT‐J) and the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI‐J) five times during the before and after observation periods and after the 12‐week intervention. Results There were no significant changes in the TDAS, OSIT‐J and PSQI‐J scores before and after the intervention in all groups. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the TDAS, OSIT‐J and PSQI‐J scores between the groups before and after the intervention. In the correlation analysis of changes in the TDAS and other tests during the intervention period, significant associations between TDAS and sleep latency and sleep disturbances, which are sub‐items of PSQI‐J, were observed in the use of 0.1% aroma bath salt group. Conclusions The use of aroma bath salt was not associated with improvement in cognitive function, olfactory function or sleep quality. However, sleep‐related aspects were associated with changes in cognitive function before and after use of aroma bath salt, which suggested that there is a link between improvements in sleep and that in cognitive function.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effect of aroma oil as a bath salt on cognitive function

Kouzuki

Kitao²,

Kaju³

et al. 2019

Psychogeriatrics

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“…Whole‐mouth gustatory and electrogustatory tests were performed. In the whole‐mouth gustatory test, a droplet (about 0.05 mL) of the test solutions was placed on the tongue (in order starting from No.1) as described previously . The concentration of the test solution (Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Co. Ltd.) is shown in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the whole-mouth gustatory test, a droplet (about 0.05 mL) of the test solutions was placed on the tongue (in order starting from No.1) as described previously. 17 The concentration of the test solution (Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Co. Ltd.) is shown in Table 1. The order of sweet (S), salty (N) or sour (T) solution was randomised, but bitter (Q) was always administered last.…”

Section: Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy

Nakashima

Suzuki

Sugiura

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Gustatory function is closely related to chewing and swallowing; however, there are currently no reports regarding gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to compare the gustatory function between persons with CP and healthy controls. We investigated sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes using the whole‐mouth method and measured the electrogustometric thresholds in the chorda tympani nerve area. Twelve participants with CP (6 women and 6 men) for whom gustatory testing was possible at our facilities, and 17 age‐matched controls (9 women and 8 men) were included. The mean age ± standard deviation was 58.6 ± 8.1 years and 58.5 ± 8.7 years in subjects with CP and controls, respectively. Taste detection and identification were significantly worse in persons with CP compared with the controls. Taste identification was more impaired than taste detection. At the highest concentration, taste identification was impossible 11 times out of 48 (12 persons × 4 kinds of tastes) in persons with CP but such a deficit was not observed in 68 attempts (17 persons × 4 kinds of tastes) involving controls. The electrogustometric thresholds were not significantly different between the groups. Gustatory function associated with chewing and swallowing is worse in persons with CP compared to the controls.

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“…Weight loss in AD patients could also result from defective sensory (e.g., taste/olfaction) integration or processing [18]. …”

Section: Main Neuroendocrine-metabolic Dysfunction In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine-Metabolic Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbances in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease and Melatonin

Spinedi¹,

Cardinali²

2018

Neuroendocrinology

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with altered eating behavior and metabolic disruption. Amyloid plaques and neurofilament tangles are observed in many hypothalamic nuclei from AD brains. Some of these areas (suprachiasmatic nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area) also play a role in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and may explain the comorbidity of eating and sleep disorders observed in AD patients. Inadequate sleep increases the neurodegenerative process, for example, the decrease of slow-wave sleep impairs clearance of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and tau protein from cerebral interstitial fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) melatonin levels decrease even in preclinical stages (Braak-1 stage) when patients manifest no cognitive impairment, suggesting that reduction of melatonin in CSF may be an early marker (the cause for which is still unknown) of oncoming AD. Melatonin administration augments glymphatic clearance of Aβ and reduces generation and deposition of Aβ in transgenic animal models of AD. It may also set up a new equilibrium among hypothalamic feeding signals. While melatonin trials performed in the clinical phase of AD have failed to show or showed only modest positive effects on cognition, in the preclinical stage of dementia (minimal cognitive impairment) the effect of melatonin is demonstrable with significant improvement of sleep and quality of life. In this review, we discuss the main aspects of hypothalamic alterations in AD, the association between interrupted sleep and neurodegeneration, and the possible therapeutic effect of melatonin on these processes.

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Comparison of olfactory and gustatory disorders in Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of the effect of aroma oil as a bath salt on cognitive function

Evaluation of the effect of aroma oil as a bath salt on cognitive function

Gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy

Neuroendocrine-Metabolic Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbances in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease and Melatonin

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