Comparison of olfactory function between neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis

Liu, Limin; Guo, Hui-Yue; Zhao, Ning; Zhang, Linjie; Zhang, Ningnannan; Liu, Jingchun; Yang, Li

doi:10.1080/00207454.2018.1424152

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, the association of olfactory dysfunction with neuroimmunological diseases was shown in different studies (38). In a recent MRI study the OF of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder was compared (39). It was shown that the neuroanatomical features related to olfactory deficits differ between the two diseases, i.e., the same symptom is based on different pathomechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis

et al. 2019

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that olfactory (OF) and gustatory function (GF) is disturbed in patients with autoimmune encephalitides (AE). Methods: The orthonasal OF was tested in 32 patients with AE and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) with the standardized Threshold Discrimination Identification (TDI) score. This validated olfactory testing method yields individual scores for olfactory threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), and identification (I), along with a composite TDI score. The GF was determined by the Taste Strip Test (TST). Results: Overall, 24/32 (75%) of patients with AE, but none of 32 HC ( p < 0.001) had olfactory dysfunction in TDI testing. The results of the threshold, discrimination and identification subtests were significantly reduced in patients with AE compared to HC (all p < 0.001). Assessed by TST, 5/19 (26.3%) of patients with AE, but none of 19 HC presented a significant limitation in GF ( p < 0.001). The TDI score was correlated with the subjective estimation of the olfactory capacity on a visual analog scale (VAS; r s = 0.475, p = 0.008). Neither age, sex, modified Rankin Scale nor disease duration were associated with the composite TDI score. Conclusions: This is the first study investigating OF and GF in AE patients. According to unblinded assessment, patients with AE have a reduced olfactory and gustatory capacity compared to HC, suggesting that olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are hitherto unrecognized symptoms in AE. Further studies with larger number of AE patients would be of interest to verify our results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis

et al. 2019

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“…In the present study, the control group represents healthy individuals without any neurologic disorders and/or diseases. The full list of the included studies is available in the reference section [ 1 , 3 , 6 – 8 , 13 , 14 , 16 – 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have also done so using different tools including but not limited to Sniffin’ Sticks test [ 9 ], the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) [ 10 ], the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) [ 11 ], and the Quick Smell Identification Test (Q-SIT) [ 12 ]. Such studies also lack coherence regarding the prevalence they report, with numbers ranging from 20% to 40% [ 13 ]. It is crucial to study olfactory dysfunction as it plays a major role in diminishing one’s quality of life [ 6 ], and also because there is growing evidence that the degree to which MS patients present with olfactory problems can be used as a potential prognostic factor [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background The importance and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction is recently gaining attention in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a result of their chronic inflammatory disease, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model and a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Results The literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. Two conference abstracts were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group, and the level of Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively. Conclusion The results of this systematic review show that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.

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“…The right orbitofrontal cortex volume in NMO patients with dysosmia was higher than that dysosmia in MS patients. However, the volume of gray matter decreased in the right parahippocampal gyrus and piriform layer in patients with MS ( Li et al, 2018 ), suggesting that the mechanisms of olfactory disorders in NMO and MS may be different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent evidence indicates that olfactory bulb volume reduction also exists in patients with NMOSD olfactory disorders ( Zhang et al, 2015 ). Li et al (2018) compared NMO and MS patients with olfactory disorders and demonstrated that olfactory bulb volume and right orbitofrontal lobe volume in patients with NMO were significantly lower than those in patients with MS. Olfactory disorders in patients with NMOSD and with MS are associated with olfactory damage, but the mechanism of olfactory disorders remains unclear for both. Improved understanding of olfactory-related structure and function will assist better in distinguishing NMOSD from MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Brain fMRI of Olfactory Stimulation in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

Peng

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Objective: To observe the characteristics of brain fMRI during olfactory stimulation in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), compare the differences of brain functional activation areas between patients with NMOSD and MS, and explore the characteristics of olfactory-related brain networks of NMOSD and MS.Methods: Nineteen patients with NMOSD and 16 patients with MS who met the diagnostic criteria were recruited, and 19 healthy controls matched by sex and age were recruited. The olfactory function of all participants was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Olfactory stimulation was alternately performed using a volatile body (lavender and rose solution) and the difference in brain activation was evaluated by task-taste fMRI scanning simultaneously.Results: Activation intensity was weaker in the NMOSD group than in the healthy controls, including the left rectus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left cuneus. The activation intensity was stronger for the NMOSD than the controls in the left insula and left middle frontal gyrus (P < 0.05). Activation intensity was weaker in the MS group than the healthy controls in the bilateral hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, right insula, left rectus gyrus, and right precentral gyrus, and stronger in the left paracentral lobule among the MS than the controls (P < 0.05). Compared with the MS group, activation intensity in the NMOSD group was weaker in the right superior temporal gyrus and left paracentral lobule, while it was stronger among the NMOSD group in the bilateral insula, bilateral hippocampus, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left inferior orbital gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left putamen, and left middle frontal gyrus (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Olfactory-related brain networks are altered in both patients, and there are differences between their olfactory-related brain networks. It may provide a new reference index for the clinical differentiation and disease evaluation of NMOSD and MS. Moreover, further studies are needed.

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Comparison of olfactory function between neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis

Abstract: Olfactory deficits are common in both NMO and MS. However, the neuroanatomical features related to olfactory deficits differ greatly between the two diseases.

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis

Olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis

Comparative Study of Brain fMRI of Olfactory Stimulation in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and Multiple Sclerosis

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