Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power

Brown, James S.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105206

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 983 publications

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“…Glioma is a serious disease that affects human health ( Brown, 2023 ). For decades, a large number of studies on molecular markers and molecular targeted drugs only had a little effect in prolonging life expectancy of patients with glioma ( Huang et al, 2023b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceruloplasmin is associated with the infiltration of immune cells and acts as a prognostic biomarker in patients suffering from glioma

et al. 2023

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Glioma is regarded as a prevalent form of cancer that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS), with an aggressive growth pattern and a low clinical cure rate. Despite the advancement of the treatment strategy of surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy in the last decade, the clinical outcome is still grim, which is ascribed to the low immunogenicity and tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma. The multifunctional molecule, called ceruloplasmin (CP) is involved in iron metabolism. Its expression pattern, prognostic significance, and association with the immune cells in gliomas have not been thoroughly investigated. Studies using a variety of databases, including Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Gliovis, showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CP in patients suffering from glioma increased significantly with an increasing glioma grade. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and statistical tests highlighted a significant reduction in survival time of patients with elevated CP expression levels. According to Cox regression analysis, CP can be utilized as a stand-alone predictive biomarker in patients suffering from glioma. A significant association between CP expression and numerous immune-related pathways was found after analyzing the data using the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT analyses indicated a substantial correlation between the CP expression and infiltration of immunocytes in the TME. Additionally, immune checkpoints and CP expression in gliomas showed a favorable correlation. According to these results, patients with glioma have better prognoses and levels of tumor immune cell infiltration when their CP expression is low. As a result, CP could be used as a probable therapeutic target for gliomas and potentially anticipate the effectiveness of immunotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceruloplasmin is associated with the infiltration of immune cells and acts as a prognostic biomarker in patients suffering from glioma

et al. 2023

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“…Several studies suggest a potential connection between schizophrenia and the pathogenesis of specific tumors. 18,19 However, the results of these studies have not consistently yielded findings, highlighting the need for further research. Systematic literature reviews provide clinicians with a valuable tool when encountering rare and complex diseases, aiding in their comprehension of the most recent advancements and research trends in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…While limited reports have linked schizophrenia and malignant tumors, this association has garnered significant attention in recent years. Several studies suggest a potential connection between schizophrenia and the pathogenesis of specific tumors 18,19 . However, the results of these studies have not consistently yielded findings, highlighting the need for further research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare co‐occurrence of tonsillar follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and schizophrenia: A comprehensive study

Zhang,

Jin,

Lian

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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This study investigated the infrequent occurrence of tonsillar follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) co‐existing with schizophrenia, presenting a comprehensive examination of clinical, pathological, and literature aspects. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on articles related to “schizophrenia” and “sarcoma,” with in‐depth analysis of included case reports. Clinical data, pathological findings, and patient follow‐up information were collected and synthesized. The study detailed a rare case of FDCS in the tonsil concurrent with schizophrenia, providing insights into diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up. A literature review of combined FDCS in the tonsil and schizophrenia cases highlighted their clinical and pathological characteristics. Eight case reports encompassing 11 patients diagnosed with sarcoma and schizophrenia were included. Surgical resection was the preferred primary treatment, while chemotherapy was suggested for recurrences. Instances of co‐occurring FDCS and schizophrenia were exceptionally limited, with tonsillar FDCS being particularly uncommon. The coexistence of tonsillar FDCS and schizophrenia was an exceptionally rare condition, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study contributed valuable insights into clinical and pathological practice through a systematic review, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oncogenes are genes that are involved in abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation, which can lead to the development of tumors [ 6 ]. These oncogenes can arise from mutations or abnormal expressions of their corresponding proto-oncogenes, which are typically involved in normal cell proliferation [ 6 , 7 ]. The MYC family of oncogenes are overexpressed in several types of cancers, including glioblastoma, and suppressing these proteins has been shown to reduce brain tumors [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted c-Myc Inhibition and Systemic Temozolomide Therapy Extend Survival in Glioblastoma Xenografts

Dhungel,

Harris,

Romine

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive disease with poor patient outcomes despite current treatment options, which consist of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, these strategies present challenges such as resistance development, damage to healthy tissue, and complications due to the blood–brain barrier. There is therefore a critical need for new treatment modalities that can selectively target tumor cells, minimize resistance development, and improve patient survival. Temozolomide is the current standard chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma, yet its use is hindered by drug resistance and severe side effects. Combination therapy using multiple drugs acting synergistically to kill cancer cells and with multiple targets can provide increased efficacy at lower drug concentrations and reduce side effects. In our previous work, we designed a therapeutic peptide (Bac-ELP1-H1) targeting the c-myc oncogene and demonstrated its ability to reduce tumor size, delay neurological deficits, and improve survival in a rat glioblastoma model. In this study, we expanded our research to the U87 glioblastoma cell line and investigated the efficacy of Bac-ELP1-H1/hyperthermia treatment, as well as the combination treatment of temozolomide and Bac-ELP1-H1, in suppressing tumor growth and extending survival in athymic mice. Our experiments revealed that the combination treatment of Bac-ELP1-H1 and temozolomide acted synergistically to enhance survival in mice and was more effective in reducing tumor progression than the single components. Additionally, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of hyperthermia in facilitating the accumulation of the Bac-ELP1-H1 protein at the tumor site. Our findings suggest that the combination of targeted c-myc inhibitory biopolymer with systemic temozolomide therapy may represent a promising alternative treatment option for glioblastoma patients.

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Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power

Cited by 4 publications

References 983 publications

Ceruloplasmin is associated with the infiltration of immune cells and acts as a prognostic biomarker in patients suffering from glioma

Ceruloplasmin is associated with the infiltration of immune cells and acts as a prognostic biomarker in patients suffering from glioma

Rare co‐occurrence of tonsillar follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and schizophrenia: A comprehensive study

Targeted c-Myc Inhibition and Systemic Temozolomide Therapy Extend Survival in Glioblastoma Xenografts

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