Comparison of one- and two-step procedures in a rat model of small bowel transplantation

Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution

“…Over the past century, the role of the rat in medicine has transformed from carrier of contagious diseases to indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development. Current examples of use of the rat in human medical research include surgery 12 , transplantation [13][14][15] , cancer 16,17 , diabetes 18,19 , psychiatric disorders 20 including behavioural intervention 21 and addiction 22 , neural regeneration 23,24 , wound 25,26 and bone healing 27 , space motion sickness 28 , and cardiovascular disease [29][30][31] . In drug development, the rat is routinely employed both to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy 15,32,33 and to assess toxicity of novel therapeutic compounds before human clinical trials [34][35][36][37] .…”

Two‐step procedure of whole orthotopic intestinal transplantation in rats: Considerations of techniques and graft functional adaptation

“…Heterotopic intestinal transplantation (HIT) is technically easier to perform, and is associated with less postoperative morbidity and mortality, so it is more commonly adopted as a transplant model for the investigation of immunology. [5][6][7][8] The anatomical arrangement in orthotopic intestinal transplantation (OIT) is closer to the clinical situation than that in HIT. 7,8 The one-step procedure of the OIT model provides a suitable model for physiological studies.…”