Comparison of organic and inorganic germanium compounds in cellular radiosensitivity and preparation of germanium nanoparticles as a radiosensitizer

Lin, Ming Hsing; Hsu, Tsung‐Shin; Yang, Pei; Tsai, Meng Yen; Perng, Tsong‐Pyng; Lin, Lih Y.

doi:10.1080/09553000902748583

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…27) Previous studies indicate that Ge-132 is nontoxic to CHO-K1 cells, 28) and we also confirm that Ge-132 has no toxicity on CHO-K1, HeLa, and SH-SY5Y cells in our LDH assay. Notably, we show here that Ge-132 has a cell proliferative effect, as evident from the increase in intracellular ATP content in cultured cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Antioxidant Activity of Ge-132, a Synthetic Organic Germanium, on Cultured Mammalian Cells

Wada

Hanyu

Nozaki

et al. 2018

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Ge-132 is a synthetic organic germanium that is used as a dietary supplement. The antioxidant activity of Ge-132 on cultured mammalian cells was investigated in this study. First, Ge-132 cytotoxicity on mammalian cultured cells was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Ge-132 had no cytotoxic effect on three different cell lines. Second, the cell proliferative effect of Ge-132 was determined by measuring ATP content of whole cells and counting them. Ge-132 treatment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and SH-SY5Y cells promoted cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, antioxidant activity of Ge-132 against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonylated proteins. Pre-incubation of CHO-K1 and SH-SY5Y cells with Ge-132 suppressed intracellular ROS production and carbonylated protein levels induced by hydrogen peroxide. Our results suggest that Ge-132 has antioxidant activity against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Antioxidant Activity of Ge-132, a Synthetic Organic Germanium, on Cultured Mammalian Cells

Wada

Hanyu

Nozaki

et al. 2018

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Therefore, researchers are encouraged to assess the extent to which the concentration of CNPs remaining in the sample could influence the use of toxicity assays and, when possible, to use complimentary assays for an endpoint. Along these lines, it was recently shown that germanium NP attachment directly to DNA during the alkaline Comet assay procedure probably resulted in arbitrary DNA fragmentation, a determination made by observing apparent DNA damage to cells harvested immediately after the NP addition [115]. In addition, fullerene NPs have recently been shown to oxidize in the presence of sunlight, forming a currently not-well-defined set of byproducts [116,117].…”

Section: Potential Experimental Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Petersen

Henry

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

114

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Abstract-The recent emergence of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) that are released into the environment and lead to exposure in organisms has accelerated the need to determine NP toxicity. Techniques for measuring the toxicity of NPs (nanotoxicology) in ecological receptors (nanoecotoxicology) are in their infancy, however, and establishing standardized ecotoxicity tests for NPs are presently limited by several factors. These factors include the extent of NP characterization necessary (or possible) before, during, and after toxicity tests such that toxic effects can be related to physicochemical characteristics of NPs; determining uptake and distribution of NPs within exposed organisms (does uptake occur or are effects exerted at organism surfaces?); and determining the appropriate types of controls to incorporate into ecotoxicity tests with NPs. In this review, the authors focus on the important elements of measuring the ecotoxicity of carbon NPs (CNPs) and make recommendations for ecotoxicology testing that should enable more rigorous interpretations of collected data and interlaboratory comparisons. This review is intended to serve as a next step toward developing standardized tests that can be incorporated into a regulatory framework for CNPs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.

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“…The main concern for the interactions within the comet assay is that NPs have been observed in the ‘head’ of the comets during scoring (4), suggesting that these NPs were present during the assay performance. In principal, such NPs may, e.g., induce additional breaks in ‘naked DNA’ during the assay or may affect the migration of DNA under electrophoresis (3,5). Furthermore, oxidative stress caused by NPs may be underestimated if the NPs, or released ions, affect the Fpg (formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase) enzyme used to detect oxidative DNA damage (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of TiO₂nanoparticles assessed by mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus scoring with flow cytometry

Bucchianico

Cappellini

Bihanic

et al. 2016

MUTAGE

103

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The widespread production and use of nanoparticles calls for faster and more reliable methods to assess their safety. The main aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of three reference TiO2 nanomaterials (NM) within the frame of the FP7-NANoREG project, with a particular focus on testing the applicability of mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus (MN) scoring by flow cytometry. BEAS-2B cells cultured under serum-free conditions were exposed to NM100 (anatase, 50–150nm), NM101 (anatase, 5–8nm) and NM103 (rutile, 20–28nm) for 3, 24 or 48h mainly at concentrations 1–30 μg/ml. In the mini-gel comet assay (eight gels per slide), we included analysis of (i) DNA strand breaks, (ii) oxidised bases (Fpg-sensitive sites) and (iii) light-induced DNA damage due to photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, MN assays were used and we compared the results of more high-throughput MN scoring with flow cytometry to that of cytokinesis-block MN cytome assay scored manually using a microscope. Various methods were used to assess cytotoxic effects and the results showed in general no or low effects at the doses tested. A weak genotoxic effect of the tested TiO2 materials was observed with an induction of oxidised bases for all three materials of which NM100 was the most potent. When the comet slides were briefly exposed to lab light, a clear induction of DNA strand breaks was observed for the anatase materials, but not for the rutile. This highlights the risk of false positives when testing photocatalytically active materials if light is not properly avoided. A slight increase in MN formation for NM103 was observed in the different MN assays at the lower doses tested (1 and 5 μg/ml). We conclude that mini-gel comet assay and MN scoring using flow cytometry successfully can be used to efficiently study cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of nanoparticles.

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Comparison of organic and inorganic germanium compounds in cellular radiosensitivity and preparation of germanium nanoparticles as a radiosensitizer

Cited by 49 publications

References 43 publications

Antioxidant Activity of Ge-132, a Synthetic Organic Germanium, on Cultured Mammalian Cells

Antioxidant Activity of Ge-132, a Synthetic Organic Germanium, on Cultured Mammalian Cells

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Genotoxicity of TiO₂nanoparticles assessed by mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus scoring with flow cytometry

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Comparison of organic and inorganic germanium compounds in cellular radiosensitivity and preparation of germanium nanoparticles as a radiosensitizer

Cited by 49 publications

References 43 publications

Antioxidant Activity of Ge-132, a Synthetic Organic Germanium, on Cultured Mammalian Cells

Antioxidant Activity of Ge-132, a Synthetic Organic Germanium, on Cultured Mammalian Cells

Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: Review

Genotoxicity of TiO2nanoparticles assessed by mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus scoring with flow cytometry

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Product

Resources

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Genotoxicity of TiO₂nanoparticles assessed by mini-gel comet assay and micronucleus scoring with flow cytometry