Comparison of orthologous and paralogous DNA flanking the wheat high molecular weight glutenin genes: sequence conservation and divergence, transposon distribution, and matrix-attachment regions

Anderson, Olin D.; Larka, L; Christoffers, Michael J.; McCue, Kent F.; Gustafson, J.P.

doi:10.1139/g01-137

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…MITE, miniature inverted-repeat transposable element. insertions are a major mechanism of divergence of paralogous and orthologous intergenic regions (Anderson et al, 2002). This notion is demonstrated here on a much larger scale.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Genome Divergence At the Glu-a3/sfr159 Loci Insupporting

confidence: 57%

Rapid Genome Divergence at Orthologous Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Loci of the A and Am Genomes of Wheat[W]

et al. 2003

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To study genome evolution in wheat, we have sequenced and compared two large physical contigs of 285 and 142 kb covering orthologous low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin loci on chromosome 1AS of a diploid wheat species ( Triticum monococcum subsp monococcum ) and a tetraploid wheat species ( Triticum turgidum subsp durum ). Sequence conservation between the two species was restricted to small regions containing the orthologous LMW glutenin genes, whereas Ͼ 90% of the compared sequences were not conserved. Dramatic sequence rearrangements occurred in the regions rich in repetitive elements. Dating of long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertions revealed different insertion events occurring during the last 5.5 million years in both species. These insertions are partially responsible for the lack of homology between the intergenic regions. In addition, the gene space was conserved only partially, because different predicted genes were identified on both contigs. Duplications and deletions of large fragments that might be attributable to illegitimate recombination also have contributed to the differentiation of this region in both species. The striking differences in the intergenic landscape between the A and A m genomes that diverged 1 to 3 million years ago provide evidence for a dynamic and rapid genome evolution in wheat species.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Genome Divergence At the Glu-a3/sfr159 Loci Insupporting

confidence: 57%

Rapid Genome Divergence at Orthologous Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Loci of the A and Am Genomes of Wheat[W]

et al. 2003

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“…Interspecific, intergeneric, and intertribal hybridization are a reality in the grasses. Although hybridization has long been postulated as a major source of variation in the grasses (Stebbins 1950), few wide crosses have been identified outside of experimental studies, and fewer yet (mostly in the wheat tribe, Triticeae) have been investigated in detail using sophisticated genetic analyses (Mason-Gamer 2001;Anderson 2002;Kishii 2002;Li 2002). Stabilized reticulation events of the distant past are difficult and time consuming to identify and characterize.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Bluegrass Genus Poa Based on cpDNA Restriction Site Data

Gillespie¹,

Soreng²

2005

Systematic Botany

113

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ABSTRACT. Poa, with about 575 species, is the largest genus of grasses, and has diversified throughout temperate, boreal, and arctic regions, and similar habitats through the tropics. This new phylogenetic study of Poa based on analysis of restriction site data from PCR amplified regions of chloroplast DNA expands previous sampling in the genus to where 1/5 to 1/6 of the species have been characterized for chloroplast DNA types. A broad phylogenetic structure detected in a previous study using restriction site mapping of Poa chloroplast DNA gained additional and robust support. Accounting for extended intra-and extrageneric sampling, Poa remains monophyletic if Austrofestuca and Parodiochloa are included as sections within P. Poa L. is the largest genus of grasses. Independent assessments by Clayton and Renvoize (1986) and RJS indicate there are about 500 or 575 species, respectively (Table 1). The genus has diversified throughout temperate, boreal, and arctic regions, and islands of similar habitats through the tropics, at all latitudes habitable by vascular plants. Poa exhibits both high species diversity and a high degree of endemism in many regions. For example, there are 34 endemic species in Malesia (Veldkamp 1994), 36 species in Australia (Sharp and Simon 2002), and 34 in New Zealand (Edgar 1986), with only two or three native species shared between Australia and New Zealand, and none shared between these areas and the rest of the world. Extensive polyploidy, hybridization, and few useful morphological characters combine to make Poa a taxonomically challenging genus.In contrast to other large grass genera (notably Festuca L. and Panicum L.), the monophyly of Poa has not been disproved, and no modern taxonomist nor data have seriously challenged its circumscription except by the removal of a few small, isolated groups of uncertain affinity. Modern revisions for several regions of the world have left Poa whole, or only removed one or a few species. In the opinion of RJS, there are few species that might be removed from the genus, but also a few small genera might be subsumed.

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“…There is no indication from this data that one duplication type was more conserved. Previous investigations have shown the orthologs are more highly conserved than the paralogs (Allaby et al 1999;Anderson et al 2002). Correlations between all combinations of glutenins and the control genes suggest chromosome group B has a common regulatory effect on glutenin paralogs and orthologs but not the control; group D had a common effect on Glu-B1-1:Glu-B1-2 and Glu-D1-2:Agp-L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…After gene duplication events, wheat has retained the functionality of some genes and silenced others. Anderson et al (2002) identified transposable element and retrotransposon sequences in the flanking regions of HMW glutenins and suggest these were a mechanism of sequence divergence after the initial duplication event. The HMW glutenin and Agp-L genes have revealed shared regulation of duplicated and tissuespecific genes: hypothetically, cis regulatory elements of the glutenin paralogs, orthologs and Agp-L share the recognition of trans regulators on several chromosome arms ( Fig.…”

Section: Agp-lmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The upstream promoter regions consist of elements common to grasses in Poideae, prominently including an endosperm box-a GCN4-like motif (GLM, 5 0 -ATGAG/CTCAT-3 0 ) and a prolamin box (5 0 -TGTAAAG-3 0 ) (Forde et al 1985)-a AACA motif (Diaz et al 2002) and an enhancer element, more specific to HMW glutenins (Thomas and Flavell 1990). Anderson et al (2002) characterized 5 0 and 3 0 DNA of HMW glutenins and identified potential matrix-attachment regions (MARs), transposable elements (MITEs), and retrotransposons (LTR and non-LTR) flanking respective glutenin genes. Proposed transcription factors recognize conserved elements of glutenin promoters: the storage protein activator (SPA), a seed-specific basic leucine zipper protein, bZIP (Albani et al 1997), DNA binding with one finger (Dof) prolamin box binding factor (VicenteCarbajosa et al 1997) and a MYB-protein, possibly interacting with the Dof protein (Diaz et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic regions influencing gene expression of the HMW glutenins in wheat

et al. 2008

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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produces glutenin storage proteins in the endosperm. The HMW glutenins confer distinct viscoelastic properties to bread dough. The genetics of HMW glutenin proteins have been extensively studied, and information has accumulated about individual subunits, chromosomal locations and DNA sequences, but little is known about the regulators of the HMW glutenins. This investigation addressed the question of glutenin regulators. Expression of the glutenins was analyzed using QRT-PCR in ditelosomic (dt) Chinese Spring (CS) lines. Primers were designed for each of 4 CS glutenin genes and a control, non-storage protein endosperm-specific gene Agp-L (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase). Each line represents CS wheat, lacking one chromosome arm. The effect of a missing arm could feasibly cause an increase, decrease or no change in expression. For each HMW glutenin, results indicated there were, on average, 8 chromosome arms with an up-regulatory effect and only one instance of a down-regulatory effect. There were significant correlations between orthologous and paralogous HMW glutenins for effects of chromosome groups B and D. Some or all the glutenin alleles shared regulatory loci on chromosome arms 2BS,

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Comparison of orthologous and paralogous DNA flanking the wheat high molecular weight glutenin genes: sequence conservation and divergence, transposon distribution, and matrix-attachment regions

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Rapid Genome Divergence at Orthologous Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Loci of the A and Am Genomes of Wheat[W]

Rapid Genome Divergence at Orthologous Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Loci of the A and Am Genomes of Wheat[W]

A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Bluegrass Genus Poa Based on cpDNA Restriction Site Data

Genomic regions influencing gene expression of the HMW glutenins in wheat

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