Comparison of Osteogenic Potentials of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose-Derived Cells of Rabbits

Peptan, Ioana A.; Hong, Liu; Mao, Jeremy J.

doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000206319.80719.74

Cited by 75 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The concept of plasticity (transdifferentiation) of stem cells makes them a reliable cell source for the emerging field of regenerative medicine. Multipotent cells have been isolated successfully from various tissues of different species, and species variations in the properties of BMSC and ADSC are well documented [1,4,9,10,12,19,20] . While multipotent cells from other species are well characterized, data on guinea-pig-derived cells are lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipotent Stromal Cells for Autologous Cell Therapy Approaches in the Guinea Pig Model

Frölich

Scherzed²,

Mlynski³

et al. 2010

ORL

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Multipotent stromal cells have become of increasing interest due to their potential to provide therapeutic approaches for autologous tissue repair. However, these cells are not well defined in the guinea pig, which represents an important model in hearing research. Adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) and bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) were isolated from different donor sites, and growth curves were generated to judge the proliferation potential. Adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation was induced and confirmed histologically. Finally, the capability of guinea pig ADSC to differentiate into neuron-like cells was investigated. With regard to the expansion potential, total cell number and doubling time, ADSC from the neck were the most suitable cells of the tested donor sites. Both ADSC and BMSC showed nearly identical behaviour and ability to undergo multilineage differentiation. Thus, we identified ADSC from the neck as a promising cell source for autologous cell-based approaches in hearing research using the guinea pig model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipotent Stromal Cells for Autologous Cell Therapy Approaches in the Guinea Pig Model

Frölich

Scherzed²,

Mlynski³

et al. 2010

ORL

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“…Also, freshly isolated ASCs can be contaminated with other cell types present in adipose tissue. The presence of these contaminating cells can affect ASC differentiation potential (29,30). For example, if fibroblasts make up a significant portion of the harvest population, then overall osteogenic potential could be significantly reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular mechanical properties reflect the differentiation potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

González-Cruz

Fonseca²,

Darling³

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

194

153

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The mechanical properties of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) clones correlate with their ability to produce tissue-specific metabolites, a finding that has dramatic implications for cell-based regenerative therapies. Autologous ASCs are an attractive cell source due to their immunogenicity and multipotent characteristics. However, for practical applications ASCs must first be purified from other cell types, a critical step which has proven difficult using surface-marker approaches. Alternative enrichment strategies identifying broad categories of tissue-specific cells are necessary for translational applications. One possibility developed in our lab uses single-cell mechanical properties as predictive biomarkers of ASC clonal differentiation capability. Elastic and viscoelastic properties of undifferentiated ASCs were tested via atomic force microscopy and correlated with lineage-specific metabolite production. Cell sorting simulations based on these "mechanical biomarkers" indicated they were predictive of differentiation capability and could be used to enrich for tissue-specific cells, which if implemented could dramatically improve the quality of regenerated tissues.cell mechanics | mesenchymal stem cell enrichment | viscoelasticity | single-cell characterization | AFM A dipose tissue contains a heterogeneous population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) known as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) (1). ASCs are capable of differentiating into a variety of lineage-specific cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes (1-3). In comparison to MSCs derived from other tissues, ASCs are simple to isolate and available in large quantities (4, 5). Because of the cells' mesodermal origin, ASCs have been used for many soft tissue and orthopaedic applications (6-10). Unfortunately, ASC isolation is confounded by the lack of distinct and universally effective MSC biomarkers. Adipose tissue contains multiple cell types, including mature adipocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells (11), which can contaminate the stromal fraction collected during ASC isolation. While conventional methods such as flow cytometry can isolate stem cells using surface antigen expression (1, 2, 12), resulting cell yields are often less than 1% (13,14). Furthermore, the surface antigens present on ASCs can also be found on other cell types in adipose tissue, complicating the isolation of pure mesenchymal stem cell populations (15-17). Collectively, these limitations suggest a need for alternative biomarkers that allow for ASC enrichment based on lineage potential.Recently, single-cell mechanical properties were found to be akin to gene and protein expressions, capable of distinguishing differences in cellular subpopulations, disease state, and tissue source (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Cells display varying levels of resistance to deformation (elasticity) and flow (viscosity) in response to an applied force. This behavior depends on the composition and organization of subcellular structures, particularly the cytosk...

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“…For example, ASCs isolated from visceral WAT are more osteogenic than those from scWAT ( 243 ), but have a lesser potential for brown adipogenesis than scWAT ASCs ( 135 ). These differences could be explained by an increased proportion of committed preadipocytes in scWAT.…”

Section: Ascs and Preadipocytes In Health And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Cawthorn

Scheller

MacDougald

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

373

323

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with ill health. Such stigmatization distracts from a fascinating aspect of WAT biology: its enormous plasticity as an organ. Indeed, WAT is capable of massive expansion and contraction in response to chronic alterations in energy balance, accounting for as little as 5% body mass in extremely lean athletes ( 1 ) or as much as 60% body mass in morbidly obese individuals ( 2 ). Moreover in rodents, rabbits, and humans, WAT can regenerate following lipectomy ( 3-6 ). This striking degree of plasticity is unique among organs in adults. On a cellular level, WAT expansion is driven by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes ( 7-13 ). Even in nonexpanding WAT, adipocytes renew frequently to compensate for adipocyte death, with approximately 10% of adipocytes renewed annually ( 14,15 ). These data, which indicate that committed adipocyte progenitors (preadipocytes) exist within WAT, are the product of decades of research motivated largely by our desire to understand adipose tissue in the context of obesity and related diseases. Preadipocytes exist in adipose tissueThough the notion of obesity as a disease has existed since at least the time of Hippocrates ( 16 ), investigation into the origins of the adipocyte and the individual contributions of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia to adipose bulk began in earnest only after the appearance of the stem cell concept, as related to blood cells, in the early 1900s ( 17 ). In the 1940s, histologic observations of the appearance of adipocytes in chambers implanted in the ears of live rabbits suggested that de novo fat formation was Abstract White adipose tissue (WAT) is perhaps the most plastic organ in the body, capable of regeneration following surgical removal and massive expansion or contraction in response to altered energy balance. Research conducted for over 70 years has investigated adipose tissue plasticity on a cellular level, spurred on by the increasing burden that obesity and associated diseases are placing on public health globally. This work has identifi ed committed preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue and led to our current understanding that adipogenesis is important not only for WAT expansion, but also for maintenance of adipocyte numbers under normal metabolic states. At the turn of the millenium, studies investigating preadipocyte differentiation collided with developments in stem cell research, leading to the discovery of multipotent stem cells within WAT. Such adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are capable of differentiating into numerous cell types of both mesodermal and nonmesodermal origin, leading to their extensive investigation from a therapeutic and tissue engineering perspective. However, the insights gained through studying ASCs have also contributed to more-recent progress in attempts to better characterize committed preadipocytes in adipose tissue. Thus, ASC research has gone back to its roots, thereby expanding our knowledge of preadipocyte commitment and adipose tissue biology. -Cawthorn, W. P., E. ...

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Comparison of Osteogenic Potentials of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose-Derived Cells of Rabbits

Abstract: This study indicates that osteogenic potentials of adipose-derived cells vary by their anatomical sites, with visceral adipose-derived cells exhibiting higher osteogenic potential than those isolated from subcutis. However, the mechanism is still unidentified.

Cited by 75 publications

References 25 publications

Multipotent Stromal Cells for Autologous Cell Therapy Approaches in the Guinea Pig Model

Multipotent Stromal Cells for Autologous Cell Therapy Approaches in the Guinea Pig Model

Cellular mechanical properties reflect the differentiation potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

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