Comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics during concentric  and eccentric cycle exercise

Perrey, Stéphane; Betik, Andrew C.; Candau, Robin; Rouillon, Jean-Denis; Hughson, R. L.

doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2135

Cited by 147 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Physiological costs of eccentric contraction are different from concentric contractions, because the recruitment pattern of eccentric exercise is different from that of an equivalent concentric workload [27]. It is reported that O 2 cost per unit of work in eccentric cycle exercise is much less than in concentric cycle exercise, but there is a similar positive relationship between O 2 cost and workload [17,19]. Bigland-Ritchie and Woods reported that the V O 2 of submaximal eccentric cycle exercise was approximately one-sixth of the same workload on a motorized bicycle ergometer at 50 rpm [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because cycling exercise recruits a substantial muscle mass, muscle V O 2 is the primary determinant of pulmonary V O 2 [12]. Furthermore, because cycling exercise with a cycle ergometer can be coordinated at various workloads and speeds, it is widely used for V O 2 kinetics using an analysis of expired gas [12,[15][16][17][18][19]. Hooker et al determined the effects of ES cycle training for persons with spinal cord injury by evaluating V O 2 during ES cycling exercise before and after training as physiological responses [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hooker et al determined the effects of ES cycle training for persons with spinal cord injury by evaluating V O 2 during ES cycling exercise before and after training as physiological responses [18]. Furthermore, Perrey et al evaluated V O 2 during constant-load cycling exercise at 60 rpm in comparison to the V O 2 kinetics of concentric and eccentric exercise and documented that the rate of increase in V O 2 at the onset of exercise was not different between high-intensity eccentric exercise and low-intensity concentric exercise [19]. In this study, cycling exercise was used to measure V O 2 during constant exercise using HTS as a resistance of motion (workload).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cycling exercise to resist electrically stimulated antagonist increases oxygen uptake in males: Pilot study

Matsuse

Shiba

Terada³

et al. 2013

JRRD

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Abstract-A hybrid training system (HTS) has been developed as the combined application of electrical stimulation (ES) and volitional contractions (VC), using electrically stimulated eccentric antagonist muscle contractions as a resistance to voluntary agonist muscle contractions. The purpose of the present study is to compare the metabolic cost between cycling exercise using HTS as added resistance (HTC) and unloaded cycling exercise (ULC). Twelve male subjects exercised on a leg cycle ergometer. After 5 min rest and 5 min warm up, they performed ULC for 5 min or HTC for 5 min. During rest and each exercise, the steady state of oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), expired ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (HR) were measured. The values of VO2, VCO2, VE, and HR during HTC were significantly greater than during ULC (p < 0.05). Relative VO2 was 16.7% +/-2.1% of peak VO2 during ULC, and it was 21.1% +/-3.4% during HTC. However, there was no significant difference in RER between ULC and HTC. These findings indicate that the combined application of VC and ES could lead to a greater increase in metabolic cost. HTS seems to be applicable as a resistance of motion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cycling exercise to resist electrically stimulated antagonist increases oxygen uptake in males: Pilot study

Matsuse

Shiba

Terada³

et al. 2013

JRRD

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“…The time scale of onset differed for eccentric and concentric exercise; both showed an early rapid decline in force but a continued and slower decline with eccentric exercise. The much smaller rapid decline following eccentric contractions (ϳ30%) compared with following concentric contractions (ϳ70%) may be related to the much smaller energy use with eccentric contractions (1,33,32). If so, the time scale for the development of long-lasting fatigue (half-time 6 min) should be linked to the presence of metabolic changes following intense short-term exercise, such as inorganic phosphate (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue and functional performance of human biceps muscle following concentric or eccentric contractions

Smith¹,

Newham²

2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Smith ICH, Newham DJ. Fatigue and functional performance of human biceps muscle following concentric or eccentric contractions. J Appl Physiol 102: 207-213, 2007. First published September 21, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00571.2006.-A long-lasting fatigue was measured in human biceps muscle, following 40 maximal isokinetic concentric or eccentric contractions of the forearm, as the response to single-shock stimuli every minute for 4 h. This protocol allowed new observations on the early time course of long-lasting fatigue. Concentric contractions induced a novel progressive decline to 30.2% (SE 7.8, n ϭ 7) of control at 23 min with complete recovery by 120 min. Eccentric contractions lead initially to a smaller force reduction of similar time course followed by a slower decline to 40.0% (SE 5.1, n ϭ 7) control at 120 min with recovery less than half complete at 4 h. A 50-Hz test stimuli overcame both fatigues, identifying low-frequency fatigue. EMG recordings from the biceps muscle showed moderate (Ͻ20%) changes during the fatigue. A visual-tracking task showed no decrement in performance at the time of maximal fatigue of the single-shock response. Because the eccentric contractions have a similar activation, a larger force, but much smaller metabolic usage than concentric contractions, it is concluded that the initial decline is related to the effects of metabolites, whereas the slower phase after eccentric contractions is associated with higher mechanical stress. skeletal muscle; motor control; skill PERIPHERAL MUSCLE FATIGUE can be both short term, with a simultaneous recovery of force and phosphocreatine largely complete within 1 min (36, 37), and long-lasting, remaining for at least 0.5 h after exercise (13). This later failure to develop tension is seen most clearly using low-frequency test stimuli, thus the nomenclature of low-frequency fatigue (19). It remains long after metabolic recovery and is associated with reduced calcium release per action potential (8, 9). In addition, it has long been recognized that high-intensity eccentric contractions give rise to further force reduction that lasts several days and is associated with muscle damage (30,29,35), although the mechanisms for the initial decline in force are still uncertain (2, 31). In this paper, which studies force reduction for up to 4 h after brief but intense fatiguing concentric or eccentric exercise, we refer to the force reduction by either protocol as fatigue. The time scale of the development of long-lasting fatigue remains unclear because it has been experimentally lost either by using a long period of fatiguing exercise or through infrequent test measurements of the degree of fatigue. Normally, the fatigue is shown as having developed by the first measurement point, leading to the assumption that it develops during the fatiguing exercise. However, it was recently found that, in response to short maximal isometric contractions, low-frequency fatigue developed between 3 and 9 min after the exercise (11). Thus, to achieve a faster time...

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“…Despite the rate of thermogenesis increasing immediately at the onset of exercise, oxygen consumption increases in an exponential manner. The time constant of this response (ϳ15 to 30 s) is such that typically 1 to 3 min elapses prior to an elevated steady-state being reached (Astrand and Saltin, 1961;Hagberg et al, 1978;Ogata and Yano, 2005;Perrey et al, 2001;Whipp and Wasserman, 1972). The slight offset between the actual rate of thermogenesis and its measurement using indirect calorimetry should therefore be accounted for.…”

Section: Indirect Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determination of Changes in Body Heat Content during Exercise Using Calorimetry and Thermometry

Jay

Kenny

2007

JHES

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Following the onset of exercise there is a sudden increase in metabolic heat production that cannot be initially offset by the body's heat loss mechanisms. During this thermal imbalance a change in body heat content (DH b ) occurs. The only way the value for DH b can be truly determined is by performing simultaneous direct measurements of the rates of heat production and heat loss. There are several calorimetric methods that can be used to quantify these values. The most accurate and simple method for measuring the rate of heat production is by separately calculating the energy released from the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates using indirect calorimetry, while direct air flow calorimetry provides the most accurate and responsive measurement of total body heat loss. Thermometry is often used as a surrogate for calorimetry by estimating mean body temperature and subsequently deriving a value for DH b . The most common thermometry approach, the 2-compartment model of "core" and "shell" temperature, has been demonstrated to greatly underestimate DH b . The inclusion of a third compartment representing the thermal influences of muscle tissue has been demonstrated to provide a better thermometric estimation of DH b ; however this requires the invasive measurement of intramuscular temperature. A modified 2-compartment thermometry model incorporating an "adjustment factor" correcting for the underestimation of the traditional model for DH b appears to be the most practical alternative. Further research is required to develop thermometry model for the better estimation of DH b under various conditions.

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Comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics during concentric and eccentric cycle exercise

Cited by 147 publications

References 40 publications

Cycling exercise to resist electrically stimulated antagonist increases oxygen uptake in males: Pilot study

Cycling exercise to resist electrically stimulated antagonist increases oxygen uptake in males: Pilot study

Fatigue and functional performance of human biceps muscle following concentric or eccentric contractions

The Determination of Changes in Body Heat Content during Exercise Using Calorimetry and Thermometry

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