Comparison of peri-implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters and whole salivary destructive inflammatory cytokine profile among obese and non-obese men

Peri‐implant parameters and C‐reactive protein levels among patients with different obesity levels

“…10 Elevated levels of CRP is characterized by dysregulated and increased production of several proinflammatory cytokines that are implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. 9,11,12 In the past decade, obesity has been thoroughly investigated as one of the risk factors for periodontal tissue destruction and association between increased adiposity and poor periodontal outcomes is well elucidated; [13][14][15][16] In a recent cross-sectional study by Abduljabbar and colleagues, 17 it was concluded that obese individuals showed increased peri-implant probing depth (PD) and higher amount of marginal bone loss (MBL) as compared to nonobese individuals. However, the correlation of peri-implant tissue destruction with the severity of obesity remains uninvestigated.…”

Survival of adjacent‐dental‐implants in prediabetic and systemically healthy subjects at 5‐years follow‐up

“…[14][15][16][17] Moreover, interactions between these endproducts and their receptors enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the bodily fluids including serum and GCF. [14][15][16][17] Accumulation of such proinflammatory cytokines in the GCF and peri-implant sulcular fluids increases inflammation in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues, correspondingly; 18,19,22,23 and may ultimately lead to loss of supporting bone around natural teeth and dental implants. 18,19,23 Nevertheless, when glycemic levels are strictly maintained (by medications and/or dietary control), dental implants can osseointegrate and remain functionally stable in diabetic subjects in a way comparable with systemically healthy individuals.…”

“…Once AGEs interact with their specific receptors, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor‐necrosis‐factor‐α (TNF‐α) are produced that accumulate in the blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) . These proinflammatory cytokines worsen periodontal inflammation, which may lead to alveolar bone loss around dentition and implants . Long‐term follow‐up studies assessing the survival of adjacent dental implants (ADI) in prediabetic subjects are not yet reported.…”

“…[14][15][16][17] These proinflammatory cytokines worsen periodontal inflammation, which may lead to alveolar bone loss around dentition and implants. 18,19 Long-term follow-up studies assessing the survival of adjacent dental implants (ADI) in prediabetic subjects are not yet reported. We therefore hypothesize that inflammatory parameters (depth of probing [PD], plaque index [PI], and bleedingon-probing [BOP]) and mesial and distal CBL are higher around ADI placed in prediabetic subjects as compared to systemically healthy individuals (controls).…”

Clinical indices and local levels of inflammatory biomarkers in per‐implant health of obese and nonobese individuals

“…Although the association between obesity and periodontal disease has been well understood, however, recent data have also suggested a possible association between obesity and peri‐implant disease. Recent cross‐sectional studies that evaluated the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers in saliva and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) reported that patients with obesity are at risk of increased peri‐implant soft and hard tissue inflammation . Another study demonstrated that altered inflammatory state in obesity because of high levels of C‐reactive proteins in serum is associated with increased bleeding tendency in obese patients with dental implants …”