Comparison of photorefractive-index changes in annealed-proton-exchanged channel waveguides in MgO-doped and congruent LiNbO_3

Steinberg, S.; Göring, R.; Hennig, Thomas; Rasch, A.

doi:10.1364/ol.20.000683

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This agrees well with the results reported in Ref. 5. In our experiment, the wavelength shift recovered perfectly to the original wavelength a few hours after the measurement, thus, the optical properties of the sample were not permanently damaged within our experimental conditions.…”

Section: Reducing Photorefractive Effect In Periodically Poled Zno-ansupporting

confidence: 93%

“…4 A reduction of the photorefractive-index change in an annealed proton exchanged ͑APE͒ waveguide using MgO-doped LiNbO 3 has also been reported. 5 The damage resistance of this waveguide was demonstrated by blue second-harmonic generation ͑SHG͒ as high as 17 mW. 6 However, there is no quantifiable study on the photorefractive effect available for a periodically poled APE waveguide using MgO-or ZnO-doped LiNbO 3 .…”

Section: Reducing Photorefractive Effect In Periodically Poled Zno-anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing photorefractive effect in periodically poled ZnO- and MgO-doped LiNbO3 wavelength converters

Asobe¹,

Tadanaga²,

Yanagawa³

et al. 2001

Applied Physics Letters

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The photorefractive effect in annealed proton-exchanged waveguides in periodically poled nondoped, MgO- and ZnO-doped LiNbO3 was evaluated by monitoring the quasiphase matching (QPM) wavelength shift induced by a 0.784-μm-irradiating light. The QPM wavelength shift was reduced at room temperature by a factor of 3–6 in ZnO- and MgO-doped samples compared with the nondoped samples within a 104–105-W/cm2-irradiation intensity range. The doped samples exhibited no significant wavelength shifts when the temperature was raised to slightly above room temperature (50–60 °C).

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Section: Reducing Photorefractive Effect In Periodically Poled Zno-ansupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Reducing Photorefractive Effect In Periodically Poled Zno-anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing photorefractive effect in periodically poled ZnO- and MgO-doped LiNbO3 wavelength converters

Asobe¹,

Tadanaga²,

Yanagawa³

et al. 2001

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Previous study has shown that APE waveguides in MgO-doped substrate are still affected by the photorefractive damage 17 . Therefore we prepared two samples with similar index profiles, one in CLN and the other in MgO-doped LN to compare their behaviour for increasing injected power.…”

Section: Waveguide Fabrication and Photorefractive Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Soft-proton exchange on magnesium-oxide-doped substrates: A route toward efficient and power-resistant nonlinear converters

Lunghi

Doutre

Legoff

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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Despite its attractive features, Congruent-melted Lithium Niobate (CLN) suffers from Photo-Refractive Damage (PRD). This light-induced refractive-index change hampers the use of CLN when high-power densities are in play, a typical regime in integrated optics. The resistance to PRD can be largely improved by doping the lithium-niobate substrates with magnesium oxide. However, the fabrication of waveguides on MgO-doped substrates is not as effective as for CLN: either the resistance to PRD is strongly reduced by the waveguide fabrication process (as it happens in Ti-indiffused waveguides) or the nonlinear conversion efficiency is lowered (as it occurs in annealed-proton exchange). Here we fabricate, for the first time, waveguides starting from MgO-doped substrates using the Soft-Proton Exchange (SPE) technique and we show that this third way represents a promising alternative. We demonstrate that SPE allows to produce refractive-index profiles almost identical to those produced on CLN without reducing the nonlinearity in the substrate. We also prove that the SPE does not affect substantially the resistance to PRD. Since the fabrication recipe is identical between CLN and MgO-doped substrates, we believe that SPE might outperform standard techniques to fabricate robust and efficient waveguides for high-intensity-beam confinement.

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“…A special interferometric set-up [12] based on a two-beam interference of the output beams of two simultaneously excited neighboring channel waveguides and improved with regard to a former publication [13] was used for the investigation of both the light-induced refractive index changes (commonly known as the photorefractive effect) and the electrooptic phase modulation. The experimental arrangement is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Light-induced Refractive Index Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singlemode channel waveguides and electrooptic modulators in KTiOPO/sub 4/ for the short visible wavelength region

Rottschalk

Ruske

Hornig

et al. 1995

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Absfmct-Singlemode channel waveguides at short visible wavelengths have been fabricated in KTiOP04 by Rb * K ion exchange in mixed melts of RbN03/KN03/Ba(N03)~. The technological parameters had been chosen by means of theoretical WKB-and "Effective index" calculations concerning the singlemode region of the effective channel waveguide index No0 at the given wavelength. Great diffusion anisotropy and small dispersion of the surface refractive index change guarantee singlemode operation of the very same channel waveguide from the blue up to the red. Typical attenuation of about 2.0 dB/cm for TM-and 1.5 dB/cm for TE polarization was obtained at X = 0.5145 pm. Light-induced refractive index changes (photorefractive effect) have been determined as a function of time, wavelength, guided optical mode intensity and temperature. The light-induced effects in Rb K ion-exchanged channel waveguides in KTiOP04 are about two orders of magnitude smaller than those in annealed proton-exchanged channel waveguides in L i m o s . Electrooptic phase modulators have been successfully investigated concerning dynamic V, measurements, the electric-optical field overlap and dc-drift phenomena. Design, fabrication and experimental results of integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder-interferometer modulators for short visible wavelengths are presented.

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Comparison of photorefractive-index changes in annealed-proton-exchanged channel waveguides in MgO-doped and congruent LiNbO_3

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Reducing photorefractive effect in periodically poled ZnO- and MgO-doped LiNbO3 wavelength converters

Reducing photorefractive effect in periodically poled ZnO- and MgO-doped LiNbO3 wavelength converters

Soft-proton exchange on magnesium-oxide-doped substrates: A route toward efficient and power-resistant nonlinear converters

Singlemode channel waveguides and electrooptic modulators in KTiOPO/sub 4/ for the short visible wavelength region

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