Comparison of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Hypericum Perforatum; Wild Plant Parts and in Vitro Samples

Abstract

The present study was conducted in the coastal pond ecosystems of Pakistan to evaluate the optimum salinity level for the best growth performance of a commercial shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Total of 6 lac seed was randomly distributed in three ponds with an average initial body weight of 0.1±0.01 g. The shrimps were cultivated in three different ponds demarcated as pond 1, pond 2 and pond 3 with salinity levels of 8 ppt, 22 ppt and 42 ppt, respectively for 105 days. The pacific white shrimp were fed with 35.0% crude protein diet with feeding frequency of 4 and initially feeding rate of 10% biomass per day. The feeding rate adjusted according to shrimp biomass on a weekly basis. Final weight, specific growth rate, average daily weight gain, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and survival rates were found optimum at salinity level of 22 ppt compared with salinity levels of 8 ppt and 42 ppt (p <0.05). FCR was better at 22 ppt salinity compared with two other tested salinity levels (p <0.05). The 22 ppt salinity level resulted in optimum growth of L. vannamei which might be due to improved osmoregulation. Feeding frequency of 4, protein 35% and salinity of 22 ppt were found suitable factors for the growth performance of L. vannamei reared in aquaculture system.

Production of Polyphenolic Natural Products by Bract-Derived Tissue Cultures of Three Medicinal Tilia spp.: A Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Study

“…In contrast to our findings, two studies reported much higher catechin content in organs of wild plants compared to that in tissue cultures: a 4.8-to 18.5-fold advantage was found in Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau [8], while a striking 11,930-fold difference was found in Hypericum perforatum L. [9]. This contrast highlights the importance of independently testing various genera.…”

“…Since the hormones required for sustaining stable growth interfere with the biosynthesis and accumulation of specialized metabolites [6,7], comparative studies on tissue cultures and organs of whole plants can yield interesting results. In particular, the chemical pattern of calli can be markedly different from that of the organs of wild plants [8][9][10]. Although the specialized metabolite production of these tissue cultures can be increased via modulation of the medium composition or elicitation [11][12][13], the pattern of metabolites is primarily dictated by the tissue type.…”