Comparison of phytochemicals and their antioxidant activity in seven date palm varieties grown in Iran

Abstract

In this study, various fruit compounds including phenolic acid, flavonoid, anthocyanin, tannin, moisture content, carotenoid, soluble, and reducing sugar date varieties were investigated. The results showed that there were differences among varieties of date palm in terms of synthesis of chemical compounds. The maximum and minimum SOD, APX, and CAT activity were detected in the Klote and Khasab variety, respectively. The highest amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were found in a variety of Klote and the lowest amount were observed in the Khenizi variety. The analysis of tannin's content among different date varieties showed that the highest amount of tannin in the Khenizi variety and the lowest amount in the variety of Klote were observed. There is a positive correlation between phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in different date palm varieties. The comparison of antioxidant's capacity of different varieties showed that Klote had the highest amount, while Khenizi had the lowest amount of antioxidant. Also, the highest amount of soluble sugar in the Klote and the lowest amount in Khasab were observed. The amount of reducing sugar in the variety of Klote and Gorbani were higher than other varieties and lower level have been seen in Khenizi. The amount of carotenoids was the highest in the Klote variety and the lowest in the Khenazi and Halili varieties. The highest amount of moisture was in the Mazafati and the lowest amount viewed in the Khenizi.

Relationship between Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Some Moroccan Date Palm Fruit Varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.): A Two-Year Study

“…Our results are similar with the results obtained by the authors of [ 17 , 38 ], who found that the total flavonoids in an aqueous extract ranged from 43.28 to 84.956 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g DW in five varieties of Moroccan dates, and from 19.62 to 299.74 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g DW in acetone (60%) extracts of ten varieties of Algerian dates, respectively. However, the results found in our study are higher than the values reported in several studies [ 40 , 42 ], which showed that the total flavonoid content varied from 31 to 45 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g DW and from 1.06 to 4.23 mg catechin equivalent/100 g DW, respectively. These observed differences may be due to growing conditions, agricultural practices, storage conditions, climatic factors, ripening stage, solubility and solvent extractability of flavonoids [ 3 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

“…However, our results show high levels compared with those reported by Zineb et al [ 39 ], which vary from 41.80 to 84.73 mg GAE/100 g DW. On the other hand, our results are lower than those of Pakkish and Mohammadrezakhani [ 40 ], who found total polyphenol contents ranging from 82.47 to 98.31 mg GAE/g DW in seven Iranian varieties. The variations observed between the different varieties could be explained by the fact that the phenolic compound content of the fruit can be influenced by various factors such as genotype, cultivation practices, geographical origin, ripening stage, harvesting time and storage time [ 14 , 41 ].…”

Current insights into date by-product valorization for sustainable food industries and technology

“…6 These compounds possess antioxidant properties that positively scavenge and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), placing them at the forefront of research in health promotion and maintenance. 73,151 Different parts of the date palm have been pharmacologically reported as therapeutic agents for various ailments and disorders, and date fruits have garnered considerable attention, whereas by-products are seldom reported. 152 Meta-analytical phytochemical studies of date fruits across producing countries have indicated the abundance of essential bioactive compounds in date by-products, conrming their potential as ingredients for the development of nutraceutical, cosmetic, medical, pharmaceutical, and functional food products with a wide range of health benets.…”

“…34,158 Although variations exist in the concentration, structure, formulation, and distribution of polyphenols in date fruits depending on the cultivar, season, location, maturity, agronomic practices, and storage conditions, date and its by-products are generally rich in polyphenolic compounds that confer health benets by scavenging and blocking the activities of free radicals and ROS implicated in the etiology of chronic human degenerative diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. 148,151 In dates, phenolic acids and avonoids are the major polyphenolic compounds; however, the presence of tannins has also been reported. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are important phytometabolites with remarkable antioxidant properties against ROS, promoting cellular protection against oxidative stress and damage, as well as positive health outcomes in humans.…”

“…6 These compounds possess antioxidant properties that positively scavenge and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), placing them at the forefront of research in health promotion and maintenance. 73,151…”