Comparison of pigment cell ultrastructure and organisation in the dermis of marble trout and brown trout, and first description of erythrophore ultrastructure in salmonids

Djurdjevič, Ida; Kreft, Mateja Erdani; Bajec, Simona Sušnik

doi:10.1111/joa.12373

Cited by 32 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The red and yellow regions of turtle skin contain at least three morphologically distinct types of vesicles in xanthophores. Two of these correspond to what have been previously [68,97,98] identified as carotenoid vesicles, and differ in electron density, shape and size (Fig. 9 a, b, d, e).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: The case of deirocheline turtles

Brejcha

Bataller

Bosáková

et al. 2019

Preprint

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21Animal body coloration is a complex trait resulting from the interplay of multiple colour-producing mechanisms. 22Increasing knowledge of the functional role of animal coloration stresses the need to study the proximate causes of 23 colour production. Here we present a description of colour and colour producing mechanisms in two non-avian 24 archelosaurs, the freshwater turtles Trachemys scripta and Pseudemys concinna. We compare reflectance spectra; 25 cellular, ultra-, and nano-structure of colour-producing elements; and carotenoid/pteridine derivatives contents in 26 the two species. In addition to xanthophores and melanocytes, we found abundant iridophores which may play a 27 role in integumental colour production. We also found abundant dermal collagen fibres that may serve as 28 thermoprotection but possibly also play role in colour production. The colour of yellow-red skin patches results from 29 an interplay between carotenoids and pteridine derivatives. The two species differ in the distribution of pigment cell 30 types along the dorsoventral head axis, as well as in the diversity of pigments involved in colour production, which 31 may be related to visual signalling. Our results indicate that archelosaurs share some colour production mechanisms 32 with amphibians and lepidosaurs, but also employ novel mechanisms based on the nano-organization of the 33 extracellular protein matrix that they share with mammals. 34 35 *Jindřich Brejcha 2 36 65 Turtles are an early-diverging clade of Archelosauria, the evolutionary lineage of tetrapods leading to 66 crocodiles and birds [22]. Although many turtles have a uniform dull colour, conspicuous striped and spotted 67 patterns are common in all major lineages of turtles (for a comprehensive collection of photographs see [23-26]).68 These conspicuous colour patterns may be present in the hard-horny skin of shells, and/or in the soft skin of the 69 head, limbs or tail. The dark areas of the skin of turtles may have a threefold origin consisting either of dermal, 70 epidermal, or both epidermal and dermal melanocytes. Colourful bright regions are thought to be the result of the 71 presence of xanthophores in the dermis [27] and their interplay with dermal melanophores [28]. Iridophores have 72 never been shown to play role in coloration of turtles [27,29]. 73Pigment-bearing xanthophores were first described in the dermis of the Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus 74 sinensis) [29]. Xanthophores have also been found sporadically in the dermis of the spiny softshell turtle Apalone 75 spinifera, the Murray river turtle (Emydura macquarii) and in the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) [27]. Such scarcity 76 3 of carotenoid/pteridine derivatives-containing cells is in contrast with chemical analyses of the yellow and red 77 regions of the integument of the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) and C. picta [30,31]. Two major 78 classes of carotenoids have been described in the integument of these turtles: short wavelength absorbing 79 apocarotenoids and longer wave...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: The case of deirocheline turtles

Brejcha

Bataller

Bosáková

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…On the other hand, we confirmed specific expression of pmel in melanophores. While the gene was expressed also in light pigmented region of both brown and marble trout skin, that besides iridophores and xanthophores contain also rare melanophores (DJURDJEVIČ et al, 2015), no expression was detected in cell population isolated from light region with LCM (no melanophores dissected). Higher expression of gja5 was hypothesized to be connected to spots present in brown trout (unpublished data, manuscript in preparation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…sox10, whose expression is not limited to pigment cells, was the only target gene expressed also in muscle (lcm-MTM, Figure 3C). Expression profile of LCM isolated pigment cell populations was compared to expression profile obtained from differently pigmented skin regions (containing mixture of chromatophores with one prevailing type; see DJURDJEVIČ et al, (2015) for more details on skin morphology) ( Figure 3). pmel was expressed in black spot of brown trout and dark region of marble trout skin, containing exclusively melanophores (samples lcm-BTB and lcm-MTD; Figure 3), while there was no or very low expression detected in light pigmented regions (lcm-BTL and lcm-MTL) and red spot (lcm-BTR).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Quantification Quantitative Real-time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser capture microdissection of pigment cells from Salmonid fish skin to identify differentially expressed genes in an enriched cell population

Djurdjevič¹,

Susnik-Bajec²

2018

Genetika

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In order to determine the function of pigment cell types in different pigment pattern of skin, we have applied the laser capture microdissection method (LCM) for isolation of different pigment cell types from skin sections of marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) and brown trout (S. trutta), characterized with labyrinthine and spotted skin pattern, respectively. RNA was isolated from dissected pigment cell populations and used for expression analysis. Expression profiles of candidate genes, potentially involved in pigmentation, in LCM isolated pigment cell population, were more specific compared to differently pigmented skin regions, containing a heterogeneous mixture of cells, including more types of chromatophores. Moreover, they could provide important information about particular pigment cell type function and its contribution to different pigment pattern. Protocol of combined LCM and genomic approach to study single pigment cell populations can be applied in the future, but needs to be further optimized in order to yield RNA of sufficient quantity and quality required for i.e. transcriptomic analyses.

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“…Fish skin is a complex organ consisting of multiple cell types (globule cells, immune cells, epithelial cells, etc.) including many different pigment cell types, such as micro and macro malanocytes, xanthophores and iridophors, to name a few 8,9 . These cell types all create the multitude of unique colors and pigment patters that distinguish the various fish species, including zebrafish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconvoluting Wavelengths Leading to Fluorescent Light Induced Inflammation and Cellular Stress in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Boswell¹,

Boswell²,

Lu³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Fluorescent light (FL) has been shown to induce a cellular immune and inflammatory response that is conserved over 450 MY of evolutionary divergence and among vertebrates having drastically different lifestyles such as Mus musculus, Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes and Xiphophorus maculatus. This surprising finding of an inflammation and immune response to FL not only holds for direct light receiving organs (skin) but is also observed within internal organs (brain and liver). Light responsive genetic circuitry initiated by the IL1B regulator induces a highly conserved acute phase response in each organ assessed for all of biological models surveyed to date; however, the specific light wavelengths triggering this response have yet to be determined so investigation of mechanisms and/or light specific molecule(s) leading to this response are difficult to assess. To understand how specific light wavelengths are received in both external and internal organs, zebrafish were exposed to specific 50 nm light wavebands spanning the visible spectrum from 300-600 nm and the genetic responses to each waveband exposure were assessed. Surprisingly, the induced cellular stress response previously observed following FL exposure is not triggered by the lower "damaging" wavelengths of light (UVB and UVA from 300-400 nm) but instead is maximally induced by higher wavelengths ranging from 450-500 nm in skin to 500-600 nm in both brain and liver). Although both research animals and humans are spending increasing amounts of time indoors and under commonly used fluorescent light bulbs, little is known about potential health and genetic effects due to use of this type of artificial light. Recently, the genetic effects of fluorescent light (FL, "cool" white, 4100 K) exposure were investigated and surprisingly this light source was found to induce a highly conserved inflammatory and cellular immune genetic response in three biomedical fish models and the hairless mouse 1,2. Thus, the conserved FL inflammatory/immune response spans ~450 MY of evolution, is observed in both a direct light receiving organ, skin, as well as in brain and liver. The skin and the brain showed up-regulation of the inflammation/immune response in all animals tested. However, in the liver, even though the same genetic pathways and upstream regulators were modulated in both aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, the mouse liver exhibited a suppressed response rather than up-regulation as in the fishes. This may be due to the nocturnal lifestyle of the mouse and the liver's ability to adjust its gene expression patterns to metabolic cycles, rather than to light regulation. Regardless, the interesting genetic conservation of response to FL is reported in vertebrates spanning different environmental niches (new world tropical versus old world marsh lands), reproductive mechanism (oviparous versus viviparous), and lifestyle (diurnal versus nocturnal). Thus, we speculate this non-circadian based light response is deeply imbedded within the vertebrate genome. Fluorescent light (...

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Comparison of pigment cell ultrastructure and organisation in the dermis of marble trout and brown trout, and first description of erythrophore ultrastructure in salmonids

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: The case of deirocheline turtles

Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: The case of deirocheline turtles

Laser capture microdissection of pigment cells from Salmonid fish skin to identify differentially expressed genes in an enriched cell population

Deconvoluting Wavelengths Leading to Fluorescent Light Induced Inflammation and Cellular Stress in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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