In this paper, a methodology based on characteristic spectral bands of near infrared spectroscopy (1000-2500 nm) and multivariate analysis was proposed to identify camellia oil adulteration with vegetable oils. Sun°ower, peanut and corn oils were selected to conduct the test. Pure camellia oil and that adulterated with varying concentrations (1-10% with the gradient of 1%, 10-40% with the gradient of 5%, 40-100% with the gradient of 10%) of each type of the three vegetable oils were prepared, respectively. For each type of adulterated oil, full-spectrum partial least squares partial least squares (PLS) models and synergy interval partial least squares (SI-PLS) models were developed. Parameters of these models were optimized simultaneously by cross-validation. The SI-PLS models were proved to be better than the full-spectrum PLS models. In SI-PLS models, the correlation coe±cients of predition set (Rp) were 0.9992, 0.9998 and 0.9999 for adulteration with sun°ower oil, peanut oil and corn oil seperately; the corresponding root mean square errors of prediction set (RMSEP) were 1.23, 0.66 and 0.37. Furthermore, a new generic PLS model was built based on the characteristic spectral regions selected from the intervals of the three SI-PLS models to identify the oil adulterants, regardless of the adultrated oil types. The model achieved with Rp¼ 0.9988 and RMSEP ¼ 1.52. These results indicated that the characteristic near infrared spectral regions could determine the level of adulteration in the camellia oil.