Comparison of portable and stationary x‐ray fluorescence spectrometers in the study of ancient metallic artefacts

Guilherme, A.; Cavaco, Afonso; Pessanha, Sofia; Costa, M.L.; Carvalho, Luísa

doi:10.1002/xrs.1016

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Since the integrity of works of art and heritage objects is of a paramount concern, various physico-chemical analytical techniques have been adapted for non-destructive characterization (Madariaga 2015). These are, among others, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy (Guilherme et al 2008), Raman spectrometry (Bellot-Gurlet et al 2006), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Pradell et al 2006) and multispectral imaging (Cosentino 2014). In the scientific analysis of works of art, a particular attention is given to the identification of original pigments, coloured inorganic constituents of paints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive in situ analysis of polychromy on ancient Cypriot sculptures

Gasanova

Pagès-Camagna

Andrioti

et al. 2016

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The study focuses on the characterization of polychromy on limestone sculptures from Cyprus, attributed to the Cypro-Archaic-end of the Hellenistic periods. Polychromy components were identified by integrating digital microscopy, imaging under ultraviolet (UV) light, visible-induced luminescence (VIL), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS). Data acquisition was performed directly in exhibition rooms at the Cyprus Museum (Nicosia) and the Paphos District Archaeological Museum (Paphos). Among the identified materials, there are iron-containing (red, yellow, green) and copper-containing (green and blue) pigments. The precision of pigment identification by non-destructive techniques is discussed, and specific pigment names are proposed: red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide-hydroxide, green earth and Egyptian blue. Interesting results were obtained by VIL, which allowed identifying traces of Egyptian blue otherwise undetectable with the naked eye. Complementary, this study discusses advantages and problems of combined and separate use of portable XRF and FORS, raising the question of their complementarity and interchangeability for the purposes of pigment identification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive in situ analysis of polychromy on ancient Cypriot sculptures

Gasanova

Pagès-Camagna

Andrioti

et al. 2016

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…The XRF measurements were taken using a PEDXRF system developed and optimized specifically for measuring soft biological tissues . PEDXRF systems allow for high fluence rate, multielemental analysis of samples . The newest generation of PEDXRF spectrometers allows for highly accurate results to be measured on benchtop systems in reasonable time frames, removing the need of a synchrotron radiation source to perform these XRF studies .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEDXRF systems allow for high fluence rate, multielemental analysis of samples . The newest generation of PEDXRF spectrometers allows for highly accurate results to be measured on benchtop systems in reasonable time frames, removing the need of a synchrotron radiation source to perform these XRF studies . Similar to synchrotron sources, PEDXRF systems use a polarized X‐ray beam to excite the sample, reducing scatter incident on the detector, allowing for higher power sources to be utilized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in the histopathological characterization of breast tissue using combined X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction data in a multivariate analysis approach

2019

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Previous studies have shown that the combination of X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction data can be used as a histopathological characterization tool for breast tissue. Recent advances in energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence techniques have allowed for benchtop systems to produce useful results in a reasonable time frame, allowing for clinical implementation to be realized. Using a polarized energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction system optimized for measuring soft tissues, 38 breast tissue samples (19 normal and 19 diseased) were interrogated. The measured elemental concentrations and adipose and fibrous tissue contents were used in a principal component analysis study to determine the variables that produced the most differentiation between the normal and diseased tissues. For each sample, a soft independent modeling of class analogy technique was utilized to create classification models using the K, Fe, and Zn concentration and adipose and fibrous tissue content of all other breast samples. The class model produced from both X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction data correctly classified 31 of 38 samples with no false positives or false negatives, showing improvement from solely X‐ray fluorescence models or X‐ray diffraction models alone, and demonstrates the usefulness of such a technique.

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“…5b. It clearly indicates on a different alloy composition used for repair of the defect region characterized by a markedly higher content ratio of Zn/Cu relative to the original material [12][13][14] .…”

Section: Complementary Xrf Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIBS and Raman spectroscopic investigation of historical copper alloy objects

Żmuda–Trzebiatowska

Śliwiński

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Results of spectroscopic investigation of the historical copper and copper alloy objects covered by patina and surface contamination are reported and discussed in this work. For analysis of the surface layers (bulk material, primer/grounding, patina and atmospheric contamination) the Laser Induced Breakdown (LIBS), Raman and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic techniques are used. Useful data on chemical structure and composition are obtained from stratigraphic analysis performed by a stepwise layer penetration with successive laser pulses. The LIBS, XRF and Raman spectra confirm the presence of patina and contamination layers of the compositions influenced by the atmospheric environment. The elemental composition reveals in the case of the original copper substrate the presence of Cu with traces of Ag and Sb, and of impurities Fe and Pb, while objects made of copper alloys (brass) show different Zn/Cu ratios greater than 20% in all cases and admixtures of Sn and Pb. Consistent results are obtained from the elemental and Raman data indicating presence of the antlerite (Cu 3 (OH) 4 SO 4 ), carbon and microcrystalline calcite which are ascribed to patina, surface contamination (atmospheric soot) and primer layers, respectively. INTRODUCTIONFor historical metal objects the elemental and chemical compositions are of key importance in studies on the production technologies and can provide useful data on the origin (authentication), provenance and routing. The recent case studies and reviews confirm that among analytical tools the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and also the Raman and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques belong to the most reliable ones and are broadly applied in analysis and conservation studies 1-6 . These techniques are characterized by a high sensitivity (tens of ppm), non-destructive interaction with the object (micro-destructive in case of LIBS), immediate results, and possibility of the in-situ analysis. In course of the LIBS micro-sampling the spectra of laser-ablated and vaporized material are acquired. The thickness of the ablated layer lies obviously in the range of 1-3 m and the depth resolution can be controlled to some degree by the laser pulse parameters 7,8 . The LIBS performed repeatedly at the same location on the surface delivers data on elemental composition of the material in dependence on the penetration depth. In case of XRF the spectrum corresponds to the surface layer of a thickness depending on the penetration depth of the focused X-ray beam which varies from several up to tens of micrometers when going from metals to e.g. minerals. This may cause difficulties in the correct interpretation of the results, because the presence of elements detected in the uppermost surface layers including corrosion products, patina and contaminations is revealed in the spectrum.In this work the LIBS, XRF and also Raman spectroscopic techniques are used in frames of the running conservation project for investigation of the surface layers of historical objects made of copper and co...

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Comparison of portable and stationary x‐ray fluorescence spectrometers in the study of ancient metallic artefacts

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Non-destructive in situ analysis of polychromy on ancient Cypriot sculptures

Non-destructive in situ analysis of polychromy on ancient Cypriot sculptures

Advances in the histopathological characterization of breast tissue using combined X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction data in a multivariate analysis approach

LIBS and Raman spectroscopic investigation of historical copper alloy objects

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