Comparison of potentiometric enzyme sensors for urea and penicillin-G: differential thick-film sensors versus classical electrodes

Electrochemical Biosensors for Drug Analysis

“…The enzyme can be immobilized on the outer surface or captured inside the membrane. Penicillinase was immobilized on the surface of a glass pH electrode and the enzymatically formed penicilloic acid changed the pH in the interface [183][184][185].…”

Detecting penicillin G in milk with impedimetric label-free immunosensor

“…The biological recognition element of a biosensor interacts selectively with the target analyte, assuring the selectivity of the sensor. A number of biosensors using enzymes to determine penicillin G were reported (Eppelsheim et al, 1995;Leszczynska et al, 1998;Liu et al, 1998;Stred'ansky et al, 2000). However, limits of detection of these enzyme-based biosensors are in the 10 −3 to 10 −6 M range, higher than the MRL.…”