Comparison of Pre-Treatment vs. Post-Treatment Retinal Vessel Density in Children with Amblyopia

Gunzenhauser, Robert; Tsui, Irena; Velez, Federico G.; Fung, S.; Demer, Joseph L.; Suh, Soh Youn; Sarraf, David; Pineles, Stacy L.

doi:10.1080/2576117x.2020.1760695

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, 12 studies were included in the present meta-analysis (15-26) (Figure 1 and Table 1). There were eight cross-sectional studies (15, 16, 18-20, 23, 25, 26), one longitudinal study (17), one cohort study (24), one case-control study (22), and one undefined (21). A total of 1,744 patients were included (range, 12-1,075/study).…”

Section: Search Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Vascular Plexus Density in Children With Unilateral Amblyopia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Purpose: To examine the quantitative measurements of OCTA in children with amblyopia using the meta-analysis methodology.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched for available papers up to March 2021. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were used to compare the retina parameters between the eyes with amblyopia and the contralateral eyes or healthy control eyes.Results: Twelve studies were included. When considering the parafovea, the microvessel density was reduced in amblyopic eyes compared with healthy control eyes in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in 6 × 6 volume scan (WMD = −2.12, 95%CI: −3.24, −0.99) but not SCP in 3 × 3 volume scan (WMD = −1.43, 95%CI: −2.96, 0.11). In the deep capillary plexus (DCP), amblyopia did not decrease vessel density in the 6 × 6 volume scan (WMD = −2.22, 95%CI: −5.86, 1.42; I2 = 79.6%, P = 0.008), but a difference was observed in the whole eye 3 × 3 (WMD = −1.95, 95%CI: −3.23, −0.67; I2 = 27.5%, P = 0.252). There were no significant differences in the foveal avascular zone area and foveal thickness between amblyopic eyes and healthy control eyes. There were no significant differences in microvessel density, foveal avascular zone area, and foveal thickness between amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes.Conclusion: According to OCTA, amblyopic eyes had lower vessel density in parafoveal SCP and DCP compared with healthy control eyes, but not compared with fellow eyes. There were no significant differences regarding the foveal avascular zone area and foveal thickness between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes.

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Section: Search Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Vascular Plexus Density in Children With Unilateral Amblyopia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…To our knowledge, it is one of the first longitudinal study to attempt to compare microvascular parameters before and after patching therapy. While Gunzenhaiser et al 29 showed there was a significant increase in retinal vessel density in 3 × 3-mm scans after treatment, Huang et al 30 didn’t find significant longitudinal changes in VD or PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Retinal microvascular changes in unilateral functional amblyopia detected by oct-angiography and follow-up during treatment

Errera,

Romann,

Solecki

et al. 2023

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Objective To evaluate the macular microvascular changes using optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCT-A) in children with unilateral amblyopia and their reversibility during treatment. Methods Patients with unilateral strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia or residual amblyopia from early congenital cataract surgery, examined between October 2019 and March 2021, were included. Vessel density and perfusion density in the superficial capillary plexus and area, perimeter and circularity of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were analysed using OCT-A in amblyopic eyes, contralateral eyes and control group healthy eyes. Correlation analyses between the microvascular parameters and the visual acuity were performed. In a pilot study on a few patients from the amblyopic cohort, longitudinal follow-up during treatment was also performed. Results A total of 128 eyes of 64 patients were included: 32 amblyopic eyes compared with 32 contralateral eyes and 64 control eyes. Vessel density and perfusion density in the superficial capillary plexus were significantly lower in amblyopic eyes compared to control eyes in 6 × 6 mm ( p < 0.02) and 3 × 3 mm ( p < 0.01) scans. Correlation analyses showed a linear decrease in vessel density and perfusion density with decreasing visual acuity. The microvascular changes observed were reversible with the occlusion treatment of amblyopia ( p < 0.001). Conclusions The study found a decrease in vessel density and perfusion density in the macula of children with unilateral functional amblyopia. These microvascular changes were correlated with visual acuity and appeared to be reversible with treatment of amblyopia. On the whole, OCT-A appears to be a relevant complementary examination when it comes to diagnosing and monitoring functional amblyopia.

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“…There are only two studies on the changes in blood flow density in children with amblyopia before and after treatment. One study had the conclusion that amblyopic eye retinal vessel density (RVD) potentially increased after amblyopia treatment in specific regions of the retina ( 19 ). Another study indicated that anisometropic amblyopic eyes with lower macular vessel density could recover to the level of healthy eyes after full correction of the refractive errors and patching ( 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Optic Nerve in Adults With Amblyopia Using OCTA

Zhang

Yue

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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ObjectiveThe aim was to quantify and compare papillary and peripapillary vessel density in amblyopic eyes of adults and age-matched controls.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 20 eyes from 10 subjects with anisometropic amblyopia and 12 eyes of 6 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed on all participants. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.ResultsThe mean subject age was 35.7 ± 10.04 years (range 18–47) in the amblyopia group and 34.67 ± 6.92 years (range 23–42) in the control group. The diopter of amblyopia ranges from +3 to +5 ds. The mean inside optic disk capillary vessel density (CVD) was 41.88 ± 6.55% in amblyopic eyes, 49.23 ± 6.55% in fellow eyes, and 50.23 ± 4% in control eyes (p < 0.05). The mean inside optic disk all vessel density (AVD) was 52.97 ± 6.71% in amblyopic eyes, 59.87 ± 4.59% in fellow eyes, and 60.45 ± 2.8% in control eyes (p < 0.05). The amblyopic eye of participants showed a decrease in vessel density in the inside optic disk than in the fellow eyes and healthy subjects.ConclusionOur present study revealed lower vessel density inside the optic disc of adult patients with anisometropic amblyopia. However, further studies are really needed to determine the clinical relevance of this finding.

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Comparison of Pre-Treatment vs. Post-Treatment Retinal Vessel Density in Children with Amblyopia

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Vascular Plexus Density in Children With Unilateral Amblyopia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Assessment of Foveal Avascular Zone and Macular Vascular Plexus Density in Children With Unilateral Amblyopia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Retinal microvascular changes in unilateral functional amblyopia detected by oct-angiography and follow-up during treatment

Analysis of Optic Nerve in Adults With Amblyopia Using OCTA

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