Comparison of processing characteristics of Mayan and Wilmington heavy residues

Pearson, C.D.; Green, John B.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(89)90268-8

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Nonaqueous ionexchange chromatography (NIELC) was proposed to fractionate petroleum into acid, base and neutral components; UV detection was used. 65,66 The column was packed with a (4-pyridil)ethylsilica stationary phase. The elution was carried out with different gradients of n-heptane, benzene, and benzene:ethanol (7:3).…”

Section: Normal-phase Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element speciation analysis of petroleum and related materials

Caumette

Lienemann²,

Merdrignac³

et al. 2009

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

101

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Section: Normal-phase Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element speciation analysis of petroleum and related materials

Caumette

Lienemann²,

Merdrignac³

et al. 2009

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

101

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“…Mo and V are found in nitrogenase 3. Metalloporphyrins have also been found in fossil fuels: V porphyrins in kerogens,11 and in heavy petroleum,12 V and Ni porphyrins in crude oils 13–18. Metalloporphyrins containing V, Ga and Fe,19,, 20 as well as Mo and Ni,21 have been observed in coals and Ga porphyrins in coal extracts 22.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of organically associated trace elements in wood and coal by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Richaud

Lázaro

Lachas

et al. 2000

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used to extract samples of wood (forest residue) and coal; the extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using two different sample preparation methods, in order to identify trace elements associated with the organic part of the samples. A sample of fly ash was similarly extracted and analysed in order to assess the behaviour of the mineral matter contained within the wood and coal samples. 32% of the biomass was extracted at the higher temperature and 12% at room temperature while only 12% of the coal was extracted at the higher temperature and 3% at room temperature. Less than 2% of the ash dissolved at the higher temperature. Size exclusion chromatograms of the extracts indicated the presence of significant amounts of large molecular mass materials (>1000 mu) in the biomass and coal extracts but not in the ash extract. Trace element analyses were carried out using ICP-MS on the acid digests prepared by 'wet ashing' and microwave extraction. Sixteen elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V and Zn) were quantified, in the samples before extraction, in the extracts and in the residues. Concentrations of trace elements in the original biomass sample were lower than in the coal sample while the concentrations in the ash sample were the highest. The major trace elements in the NMP extracts were Ba, Cu, Mn and Zn from the forest residue; Ba, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn from the coal; Cu and Zn from the ash. These elements are believed to be associated with the organic extracts from the forest residue and coal, and also from the ash. Be and Sb were not quantified in the extracts because they were present at too low concentrations; up to 40% of Mn was extracted from the biomass sample at 202 degrees C, while Se was totally extracted from the ash sample. For the forest residue, approximately 7% (at room temperature) and 45% (at 202 degrees C) of the total trace elements studied were in the extract; for the coal, approximately 8% (at room temperature) and 23% (at 202 degrees C) were in the extract. For the ash, only 1.4% of the trace elements were extracted at 202 degrees C, comprising 25% of Cd but less than 1% of Pb.

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“…Furthermore, FV(Ni) for Wilmington weak bases (0.13) and neutrals (0.18) is out of proportion with the percent total Ni present in porphyrinic forms in those fractions (weak bases 18 percent, neutrals 79 percent) (24). Hence, visible spectroscopic determination of porphyrin content is a poor predictor of relative Ni volatility in the MCR test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcarbon residue yield and heteroatom partitioning between volatiles and solids for whole vacuum resids and their liquid chromatographic fractions

Green¹,

Shay²,

Reynolds³

et al. 1992

Energy Fuels

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Five petroleum >lo00 OF resids were separated into compound type fractions using liquid chromatography. The coking tendency of each compound type was assessed using the microcarbon residue (MCR) test (ASTM D 4530). Heteroatom (N, S, Ni, V) partitioning between MCR solids versus volatiles was determined through analysis of the starting fractions and the corresponding MCR solids. The weighted sum of MCR solid yields over all compound types in a given resid was typically in good agreement with the MCR yield of the whole resid. This finding agrees with prior studies indicating coke yield to be an additive property. Sulfur partitioning was also an additive property, was predictable from MCR yield, and was nearly independent of the initial form (sulfide, thiophenic, eulfoxide) present. Nitrogen and nickel partitioning was nonadditive and therefore composition dependent. Partitioning of vanadium into solids was essentially quantitative for all resids and their fractions. MCR solid yield was generally dependent only on H/C ratio. However, there is some evidence indicating secondary dependence on hydrocarbon structure, i.e., that naphthenic rings reduce MCR in proportion to H/C by virtue of their effective hydrogen-transfer properties. Deposition of N and Ni into MCR solids over the fractions was often appreciably less than that of the whole resids, thereby indicating that interaction among various compound types was required for maximum incorporation of those elements into coke.

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Comparison of processing characteristics of Mayan and Wilmington heavy residues

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Element speciation analysis of petroleum and related materials

Element speciation analysis of petroleum and related materials

Identification of organically associated trace elements in wood and coal by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Microcarbon residue yield and heteroatom partitioning between volatiles and solids for whole vacuum resids and their liquid chromatographic fractions

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