Comparison of propofol with ketofol, a propofol-ketamine admixture, for induction of anaesthesia in healthy dogs

Single-syringe ketamine–propofol for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits

“…The anaesthetic effects observed at the higher doses (KP3 and KP5) in this study are consistent with those found in dogs induced with similar doses (Lerche et al. ; Martinez‐Taboada & Leece ; Kennedy & Smith ), while the lowest dose (KP1) caused a mild to moderate level of sedation without signs of excitement, dysphoria or muscle twitching.…”

“…; Kennedy & Smith ) and rabbits (Cruz et al. ), hemodynamic stability, as seen in this study, has been reported by others (Andolfatto & Willman ; Henao‐Guerrero & Riccó ; Martinez‐Taboada & Leece ).…”

“…An increase in PR has also been observed in other species anaesthetized with ketofol (Ravasio et al. ; Henao‐Guerrero & Riccó ; Martinez‐Taboada & Leece ; Kennedy & Smith ), suggesting a sympathetic stimulation despite the depressant effects of propofol. Nevertheless, while different studies describe a decrease in ABP in premedicated dogs (Lerche et al.…”

“…Ketamine produces dose‐dependent unconsciousness and appears to provide an additive anaesthetic effect when it is combined with propofol for the induction of anaesthesia in dogs (Lerche et al. ; Martinez‐Taboada & Leece ; Kennedy & Smith ). The anaesthetic effects observed at the higher doses (KP3 and KP5) in this study are consistent with those found in dogs induced with similar doses (Lerche et al.…”

“…In veterinary medicine, the induction of anaesthesia with ketofol has been evaluated in dogs (Lerche et al. ; Henao‐Guerrero & Riccó ; Martinez‐Taboada & Leece ; Kennedy & Smith ) and cats (Ravasio et al. ).…”