Comparison of pseudo‐random binary sequence and square‐wave transient controlled‐source electromagnetic data over the Peon gas discovery, Norway

Ziolkowski, Anton; Wright, David; Mattsson, Johan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01006.x

Cited by 48 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, the detection accuracy for the targets at different depths could be optimized (Li, Xue, Zhao, Zhong, & Muhammad Younis, ; Li, Xue, & Zhong, ). Furthermore, the deconvolution of a PRBS signal increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the time domain by compressing the signal energy to a shorter time (Ziolkowski, Wright, & Mattsson, ). The autocorrelation properties of PRBS signals allow the deconvolution of the measured responses to be conducted in the time domain.…”

Section: Principles Of the Mtem Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is crucial that the uncorrelated noise is eliminated during this process. Then, Equation could be written in matrix form as follows (Ziolkowski et al, ):

([], \begin{array}{c} R_{ss} ((), 0) & R_{ss} ((), 1) & \dots & R_{ss} ((), N) \\ R_{ss} ((), 1) & R_{ss} ((), 0) & \dots & R_{ss} ((), N - 1) \\ ⋮ & ⋮ & \dots & ⋮ \\ R_{ss} ((), N) & R_{ss} ((), N - 1) & \dots & R_{ss} ((), 0) \end{array}) ([], \begin{array}{c} g ((), 0) \\ g ((), 1) \\ ⋮ \\ g ((), N) \end{array}) = ([], \begin{array}{c} R_{vs} ((), 0) \\ R_{vs} ((), 1) \\ ⋮ \\ R_{vs} ((), N) \end{array}) .

The coefficient matrix in Equation is a Toeplitz matrix, which can be solved efficiently using a Levinson recursion.…”

Section: Principles Of the Mtem Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Demonstration of the newly developed MTEM systems for gold detection in China

Xue

Lei

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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Previously, the multi‐channel transient electromagnetic (MTEM) system has been successfully developed and applied to hydrocarbon reservoirs exploration on land and offshore environments in France. In order to explore the mineral resources buried at the depths up to 2,000 m in China, we developed a new MTEM system. In this paper, we present the components of the system, methods, principles, the parameters of the system, and the data interpretation method. To validate the effectiveness of the methodology and the developed system, we carried out an MTEM survey to locate the controlling faults of a gold deposit in the east of China. The survey contains 30 receivers distributed over 12‐km survey. By comparing the MTEM interpretation results with the known geological background, we find that MTEM methods can provide a good estimation of the ore‐controlling faults and this method could be a potential tool for the future deep mineral exploration.

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Section: Principles Of the Mtem Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is crucial that the uncorrelated noise is eliminated during this process. Then, Equation could be written in matrix form as follows (Ziolkowski et al, ):

([], \begin{array}{c} R_{ss} ((), 0) & R_{ss} ((), 1) & \dots & R_{ss} ((), N) \\ R_{ss} ((), 1) & R_{ss} ((), 0) & \dots & R_{ss} ((), N - 1) \\ ⋮ & ⋮ & \dots & ⋮ \\ R_{ss} ((), N) & R_{ss} ((), N - 1) & \dots & R_{ss} ((), 0) \end{array}) ([], \begin{array}{c} g ((), 0) \\ g ((), 1) \\ ⋮ \\ g ((), N) \end{array}) = ([], \begin{array}{c} R_{vs} ((), 0) \\ R_{vs} ((), 1) \\ ⋮ \\ R_{vs} ((), N) \end{array}) .

The coefficient matrix in Equation is a Toeplitz matrix, which can be solved efficiently using a Levinson recursion.…”

Section: Principles Of the Mtem Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of the newly developed MTEM systems for gold detection in China

Xue

Lei

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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“…, ). A towed source and receiver system in water column was also used by Ziolkowski, Wright and Mattsson () in time‐domain CSEM measurements. For the discussion of topography effects, a towed system is also taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources in Germany (BGR) used a bottom towed system mainly for the exploration of gas hydrate (one T x and 4 R x s with fixed offsets), while the cable length between T x and R x s are fixed (Schwalenberg et al 2010(Schwalenberg et al , 2017. A towed source and receiver system in water column was also used by Ziolkowski, Wright and Mattsson (2011) in time-domain CSEM measurements. For the discussion of topography effects, a towed system is also taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the sea floor topography on the 1D inversion of time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic data

Cai

Tezkan

2018

Geophysical Prospecting

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Time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic methods have been used successfully for the detection of resistive targets such as hydrocarbons, gas hydrate, or marine groundwater aquifers. As the application of time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic methods increases, surveys in areas with a strong seabed topography are inevitable. In these cases, an important question is whether bathymetry information should be included in the interpretation of the measured electromagnetic field or not. Since multi‐dimensional inversion is still not common in time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic methods, bathymetry effects on the 1D inversion of single‐offset and multi‐offset joint inversions of time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic methods data are investigated. We firstly used an adaptive finite element algorithm to calculate the time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic methods responses of 2D resistivity models with seafloor topography. Then, 1D inversions are applied on the synthetic data derived from marine resistivity models, including the topography in order to study the possible topography effects on the 1D interpretation. To evaluate the effects of topography with various steepness, the slope angle of the seabed topography is varied in the synthetic modelling studies for deep water (air interaction is absent or very weak) and shallow water (air interaction is dominant), respectively. Several different patterns of measuring configurations are considered, such as the systems adopting nodal receivers and the bottom‐towed system. According to the modelling results for deep water when air interaction is absent, the 2D topography can distort the measured electric field. The distortion of the data increases gradually with the enlarging of the topography's slope angle. In our test, depending on the configuration, the seabed topography does not affect the 1D interpretation significantly if the slope angle is less or around 10°. However, if the slope angle increases to 30° or more, it is possible that significant artificial layers occur in inversion results and lead to a wrong interpretation. In a shallow water environment with seabed topography, where the air interaction dominates, it is possible to uncover the true subsurface resistivity structure if the water depth for the 1D inversion is properly chosen. In our synthetic modelling, this scheme can always present a satisfactory data fit in the 1D inversion if only one offset is used in the inversion process. However, the determination of the optimal water depth for a multi‐offset joint inversion is challenging due to the various air interaction for different offsets.

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“…This led to an amplitude 'split' (i.e., the deviation between the anomaly site and reference sites), which was larger than that can be generated by reasonable variations in the overburden resistivity. The towed electromagnetic (EM) system of Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS) (Ziolkowski, Wright, and Mattsson 2011;Linfoot, Mattsson, and Price 2011) uses a moving source and the spread of inline E-field receivers, which are mounted on a streamer, where both the source and the receiver are towed by the same vessel. Kasaya and Goto (2009) developed a small ocean bottom electro magnetometer (OBEM) and ocean bottom electrometer (OBE) system equipped with a fluxgate magnetic sensor and arm-folding mechanism, where all of the electronic components are inside a single 17-inch (432-mm) glass sphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new marine controlled‐source electromagnetic receiver with an acoustic telemetry modem and arm‐folding mechanism

Chen

Wei

Deng

et al. 2015

Geophysical Prospecting

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We developed a new marine controlled‐source electromagnetic receiver for detecting methane hydrate zones and oil and gas reservoirs on the seafloor, which is not imaged well by seismic reflection surveys. To determine the seafloor structure, the electromagnetic receiver should have low noise, power consumption, clock drift error, and operating costs while being highly reliable. Because no suitable receiver was available in our laboratory, we developed a new marine controlled‐source electromagnetic receiver with these characteristics; the receiver is equipped with acoustic telemetry modem and an arm‐folding mechanism to facilitate deployment and recovering operations. To demonstrate the applicability of our new receiver, we carried out a field experiment offshore of Guangzhou in the South China Sea, where methane hydrates have been discovered. We successfully obtained controlled‐source electromagnetic data along a profile about 13 km long. All six new receivers were recovered, and high‐quality electromagnetic data were obtained. Relatively high apparent resistivity values were detected. The results of the offshore field experiment support the claim that the electromagnetic data obtained using the new receiver are of sufficient quality for the survey target.

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Comparison of pseudo‐random binary sequence and square‐wave transient controlled‐source electromagnetic data over the Peon gas discovery, Norway

Cited by 48 publications

References 34 publications

Demonstration of the newly developed MTEM systems for gold detection in China

Demonstration of the newly developed MTEM systems for gold detection in China

Effects of the sea floor topography on the 1D inversion of time‐domain marine controlled source electromagnetic data

A new marine controlled‐source electromagnetic receiver with an acoustic telemetry modem and arm‐folding mechanism

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