Comparison of radiographic and electronical working length determination on palatal and mesio-buccal root canals of extracted upper molars

In vivo accuracy of conventional and digital radiographic methods in confirming root canal working length determination by Root ZX

“…During this process, the distance between the tip of the file inserted in the root canal and the tip of the radiographic apex is measured. Based on this measurement the full working length can be estimated 7,12,13,16 . However, the conventional radiographic method presents some inconveniences, like the overlapping of anatomical structures and mainly the position of the apical foramen in relation to the apex, which in most cases does not coincide 13 , and the film-processing time.…”

Consistency of Apex Locator Function: A Clinical Study

“…Moreover, modern apex locators can locate not only the apical foramen but also, in contrast to radiographic methods, the apical constriction (4, 8 -10), which is an optimal endpoint for root canal preparation and filling (11,12). The accuracy of apex locators is higher when compared with that of the radiographic methods (13)(14)(15). In addition, apex locators can diagnose perforations and root fractures (7,16,17).…”

“…In addition, apex locators can diagnose perforations and root fractures (7,16,17). Nevertheless, it has been shown that a higher accuracy can be reached when both radiographic and EWL determination are performed; a working length radiograph after EWL determination can reduce overinstrumentation (14,18). In addition, the working length radiograph provides valuable diagnostic information (eg, the location of undetected canals and assessment of canal form and curvature).…”

Clinical accuracy of two electronic apex locators in teeth with large periapical lesions

“…, Kang & Kim , Krajczár et al . , Aggarwal et al . ), there is only one in vivo study establishing the accuracy of ProPex in the literature (Özsezer et al .…”