Comparison of Rankine-cycle power systems:  effects of seven working fluids

Marciniak, T.J.; Krazinski, J. L.; Bratis, J.C.; Bushby, H.M.; Buyco, E. H.

doi:10.2172/5682289

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Through the ensuing decades, dozens of studies were carried out on ORC performance with different working fluids (e.g., Marciniak [54]), methodologies for selecting working fluids (e.g., Badr et al [55,56]), the thermal stability of working fluids (e.g., Angelino and Invernizzi [57]), alternative small-scale expanders (e.g., Leibowitz [58]), different degrees of superheat (e.g., El Chammas and Clodic [59]), achieving transient control (e.g., Endo [60]), and system optimizations (e.g., the thermo-economic optimization of Quoilin et al [61]). Studies of the period cover light-duty vehicles (e.g., Hussain and Brigham [62]), commercial long-haul trucks (e.g., Espinosa [63]), ships (e.g., Schmid [64]), hybrids (e.g., Arias et al [65]), and stationary ICEs (e.g., Vaja and Gambarotta [66]).…”

Section: Pre-2013 Historical Synopsis Of Orcs For Ice-whrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Organic Rankine Cycles for Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery: Latest Decade in Review

Sprouse

2024

Sustainability

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The last decade (2013–2023) was the most prolific period of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) research in history in terms of both publications and citations. This article provides a detailed review of the broad and voluminous collection of recent internal combustion engine (ICE) waste heat recovery (WHR) studies, serving as a necessary follow-on to the author’s 2013 review. Research efforts have targeted diverse applications (e.g., vehicular, stationary, and building-based), and it spans the full gamut of engine sizes and fuels. Furthermore, cycle configurations extend far beyond basic ORC and regenerative ORC, particularly with supercritical, trilateral, and multi-loop ORCs. Significant attention has been garnered by fourth-generation refrigerants like HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HFEs (hydrofluoroethers), natural refrigerants, and zeotropic mixtures, as research has migrated away from the popular HFC-245fa (hydrofluorocarbon). Performance-wise, the period was marked by a growing recognition of the diminished performance of physical systems under dynamic source conditions, especially compared to steady-state simulations. Through advancements in system control, especially using improved model predictive controllers, dynamics-based losses have been significantly reduced. Regarding practically minded investigations, research efforts have ameliorated working fluid flammability risks, limited thermal degradation, and pursued cost savings. State-of-the-art system designs and operational targets have emerged through increasingly sophisticated optimization efforts, with some studies leveraging “big data” and artificial intelligence. Major programs like SuperTruck II have further established the ongoing challenges of simultaneously meeting cost, size, and performance goals; however, off-the-shelf organic Rankine cycle systems are available today for engine waste heat recovery, signaling initial market penetration. Continuing forward, next-generation engines can be designed specifically as topping cycles for an organic Rankine (bottoming) cycle, with both power sources integrated into advanced hybrid drivetrains.

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Section: Pre-2013 Historical Synopsis Of Orcs For Ice-whrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Organic Rankine Cycles for Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery: Latest Decade in Review

Sprouse

2024

Sustainability

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“…Since the first Rankine cycle‐based thermal power plant was built, there have been several improvements in the configuration, components, and materials used, but the working fluid of choice has usually been water. In the energy‐to‐power conversion industry, thermal efficiency becomes uneconomically low when the gaseous steam temperature drops below 700 F (371°C), the bulk of the energy is lost and the systems using water as the working fluid become significantly less efficient and capital costs increase . Although water has several properties that make it a very good choice as a working fluid, better choices are available in low temperature applications.…”

Section: Power and Cooling Cogeneration With Ejector Refrigeration Symentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of combined power and cooling cycles

Demirkaya

Padilla

Goswami

2013

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Combined power and refrigeration cycles have been explored for improving their overall energy conversion efficiency and decreasing the cost of energy produced. Bottoming cycles can be used to recover the waste heat or exhaust heat of gas turbines and conventional steam Rankine cycles and convert it to work and/or refrigeration. In most applications, refrigeration is the more expensive product than power because it requires refrigeration equipment as well as power to produce conventional refrigeration. Therefore, the additional output of refrigeration by the combined cycle provides greater benefit than conventional power systems. This paper presents a review of combined power and cooling cycles for effective utilization of heat sources. This article is categorized under: Concentrating Solar Power > Science and Materials Energy Efficiency > Science and Materials Energy Systems Economics > Science and Materials

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“…The heat exchangers tend to dominate system costs, accounting for 30 to 40% of the system costs. (9,12) The expander accounts for about 20% of the system capital cost.…”

Section: Organic Rankine Cycle Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and market evaluation of the bladeless turbine

Garrett-Price¹,

Barnhart²,

Eschbach³

1982

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Pacific Northwest Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 PNL-4412 UC-95f 1.0 SUMMARY This section summarizes the results of the technical and market evaluation of the Gamell bladeless turbine.The three-inch diameter prototype turbine was tested with air over a range of inlet pressures from 20 to 100 psia and speeds of 10, 20, 30 and 40 thousand rpm. The peak efficiency of 22.5 percent was recorded at a pressure of 98 psia and a speed of 40,000 rpm. Efficiency increased slightly with speed and inlet pressure over the range of test conditions. The test program was somewhat hindered by mechanical failures. The turbine bearings in particular were unreliable, with two instances of outright failure and numerous cases of erratic performance. The test apparatus, methodology and results are described in detail in Section 3.0.A model of the bladeless turbine was developed to aid in interpreting the experimental results. A macroscopic approach, incorporating several favorable assumptions, was taken to place a reasonable upper bound on turbine efficiency. The model analytically examines the flow through the air inlet nozzles and the interaction between the fluid jet and the turbine blades. The analysis indicates that the maximum possible efficiency of a tangential flow turbine with straight axial blades is 50 percent. This is a direct consequence of turning the fluid only 90 degrees relative to the turbine blade. Performance modeling and prediction are discussed in detail in Section 4.0.The adoption of the bladeless turbine as the expander in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) will depend to a great extent on the efficiency of the turbine. The market potential for ORC technology will also impact the adoption of the blade less turbine. Other expanders have demonstrated efficiencies of 60 to 80% in ORC systems. The Gamell turbine had a peak test efficiency of 22.5% and a maximum theoretical efficiency of 50%. Costs of the turbine are highly uncertain, relying to a great extent on cost reductions achieved through quantity production and through learning. The market analysis is discussed in more detail in Section 5.0.iii CONTENTS 1.0 SUMMARY FIGURE 3.2. Knurled Turbine Rotor 5 7 9 52

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Comparison of Rankine-cycle power systems: effects of seven working fluids

Abstract: As s is tan t Secre t ary €or Conserva t ion and Renewab le Re sources

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Review of Organic Rankine Cycles for Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery: Latest Decade in Review

Review of Organic Rankine Cycles for Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery: Latest Decade in Review

A review of combined power and cooling cycles

Performance and market evaluation of the bladeless turbine

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