Comparison of relationship between salivary electrolyte levels and dental caries in children with Down syndrome

Singh, Vikram; Arora, Renu; Bhayya, Deepak P; Singh, Deepesh; Sarvaiya, Bhumi; Mehta, Dhaval

doi:10.4103/0976-9668.149113

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A similar range of HCO 3 − concentration (1−60 mM) was reported in human saliva under normal physiological conditions [ 2 ]. Of note, the concentrations of Na + , K + and Cl − were 75.47 ± 3.57, 17.73 ± 3.70 and 18.83 ± 4.12 mM, respectively, in human saliva [ 21 ], which is a similar range as those observed in the pigs in our current study. Secretions of salivary glands are controlled by autonomic nervous system; sympathetic activates the secretion of protein-rich saliva, whereas parasympathetic activation improves the secretion of water and mucin [ 20 ].…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

An efficient method for saliva collection from mature pigs to determine their enzymatic and electrolytic profiles

Akhtar

Jafarikia

Sullivan³

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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In this study, a novel ‘rope-assisted swab method’ for the collection of saliva samples from 45 adult pigs was established and validated. This method was efficient for harvesting 2 milliliters or more of saliva from each of the pigs for subsequent analyses within two min. The amount of α-amylase and lipase in the collected saliva samples was between 38−6,655 and 2−52 U/l, respectively. For HCO3− and electrolytes, the range was between 9−40, 15−76, 4.3−48.5 and 7−65 mM for HCO3−, Na+, K+ and Cl−, respectively. No significant differences in the enzymatic and electrolytic profiles were observed among sows with a high average litter size (SHA), sows with a low average litter size (SLA) and non-pregnant gilts (NPG) in this study. Our work reveals the efficiency of this collection method for mature pigs, and enzymatic and electrolytic profiling of saliva, which may be a useful reference for multiple diagnostic applications.

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supporting

confidence: 82%

An efficient method for saliva collection from mature pigs to determine their enzymatic and electrolytic profiles

Akhtar

Jafarikia

Sullivan³

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In children with DS, teeth often erupts 1–2 years later than that of the normal subject. [ 8 ] Our study showed a DMFT score of 7.57 ± 5.094 in the younger age group and varied up to 13.21 ± 7.678 as observed in Group IV. It was unlike other studies that showed that DS individuals have lower values of the DMFT index.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Oral Health Status of Down's Syndrome Patients in Aseer, Saudi Arabia

Sandeepa

Hagbani

Alhammad

et al. 2021

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

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Introduction: It was observed that compared to the general population, mentally challenged subjects have higher rates of poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis is a common finding with moderate or severe variety reported most commonly. Periodontal disease is the most significant oral health problem, which can even lead to mobility of tooth and tooth loss. It is essential to generate oral health precautionary agendas and familiarize it with them. Materials and Methods: Four Centres of rehabilitation in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia were included and subjects of 3–24 year age group was examined. Written informed consent was obtained from directors of Centres. Caries, oral hygiene status, soft-tissue and hard-tissue lesions were evaluated and statistically analyzed. Results: Higher Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth score was observed in the present study in contrast to many other studies. Periodontal disease was seen in higher age group with higher percentages. Poor oral hygiene was seen in 27.3% of males and 66.7% of females. Tongue lesions comprised 85.7%, which accounted for the major part of soft-tissue abnormality. Various occlusal abnormalities (75%) and developmental tooth disturbances (53.6%) constitute the higher portion in hard-tissue abnormality. Conclusion: Dentists should be conscious of the range of oral anomalies that can manifest in this group of the patients. The microbial or serological investigation was not done which could have explained the etiology behind these lesions. In spite of these confines, the survey result have provided information regarding the oral health status of Down's syndrome subjects and the necessity of focusing on oral health need.

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“…The precise cause of the lower prevalence of dental caries in the population with DS is still unclear [ 39 , 40 ]. Although the need of treatment for dental caries is not high, these individuals must receive a dental assistance directed to the care of other needs present in this part of the population, especially periodontal disease and malocclusion, which are prevalent problems in DS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Dental Caries and Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2015

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Scientific evidence of susceptibility to dental caries in the population with Down Syndrome (DS) is limited and conflicting, making it difficult to establish firm conclusions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to obtain scientific evidence of the possible association between dental caries and individuals with DS, compared to individuals without DS (control). An electronic search of five databases was performed, with no language or publication date restrictions. The studies were selected by two independent reviewers (Kappa = 0.83). The systematic review included 13 studies, while eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The studies are presumably all at risk of bias given their observational character. Two of these evaluated the presence or absence of caries in permanent and deciduous teeth, and six evaluated the mean DMFT index in permanent teeth. Combined odds ratios (OR), standard difference, standard error and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained. The vast majority of the studies found that individuals from control groups had more carious lesions or caries experience than those with DS. The results were statistically significant in seven studies (p<0.05). Meta-analysis of two studies revealed that individuals with DS had a lower dental caries than those in the control group (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.22–0.57). In six studies, individuals with DS had a significantly lower mean DMFT index than individuals from the control group (Sd = -0.18; SE = 0.09; 95% CI = -0.35–-0.02). The quality of the studies varied and in general had a high risk of bias. Scientific evidence suggests that individuals with DS have fewer dental caries than individuals without DS.

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Comparison of relationship between salivary electrolyte levels and dental caries in children with Down syndrome

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

An efficient method for saliva collection from mature pigs to determine their enzymatic and electrolytic profiles

An efficient method for saliva collection from mature pigs to determine their enzymatic and electrolytic profiles

Oral Health Status of Down's Syndrome Patients in Aseer, Saudi Arabia

Association between Dental Caries and Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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