Comparison of Rose Bengal and Celltracker Green Staining for Identification of Live Salt-Marsh Foraminifera

Figueira, Brígida Orioli; Grenfell, Hugh R.; Hayward, Bruce W.; Alfaro, Andrea C.

doi:10.2113/gsjfr.42.3.206

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Consequently, this method may lead to a slight overestimation of the living assemblages. In most ecological studies, however, rose Bengal has been applied (Murray, ; Scott et al, ), and when used with care, the results obtained are as reliable as those reported with other techniques (Figueira, Grenfell, Hayward, & Alfaro, ; Lutze & Altenbach, ; Murray & Bowser, ; Schönfeld et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Benthic foraminifera as proxies of marine influence in the Orosei marine caves, Sardinia, Italy

Romano

Bergamin

Bella

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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1. As a result of their location at the boundary between marine and continental domains, marine caves are affected by wide spatial and seasonal environmental changes. Only recently have benthic foraminifera been recognized as reliable indicators for the ecological zonation of these environments.2. The present study is focused on two marine caves of the Orosei Gulf, Sardinia, Italy: Bue Marino and Bel Torrente. It investigates the spatial and seasonal variability of benthic foraminiferal assemblages relative to sediment grain size and water parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen) collected during two campaigns in August 2014 and April 2015. The results from 2014 have been partially published.3. Based on a comparison of the results of the two campaigns, the considerable reduction of foraminiferal abundance in Bel Torrente was deduced to occur because of the strong freshwater flows occurring during the rainy season; in Bue Marino, the less severe water flow allowed the identification of both living and dead foraminifera, although strongly reduced in number. These identifications allowed benthic foraminifera to be used to define the ecological zonation. 4. Entrance, confluence, and transitional ecozones were identified in Bue Marino cave on the basis of species abundance. The second ecozone, not recognized in 2014, was correlated with plant debris at the confluence of the two cave branches. The other two ecozones, which are characterized by the faunal shift from hyaline-to agglutinated-prevalent assemblages, were attributed to the gradient of abiotic parameters detected from the outer to the inner portions of the cave. In both campaigns the same ecozones were recognized in terms of species composition, with exceptions being found to different extents as a result of seasonal variability. 5.As the distribution of foraminiferal ecozones is conditioned by a decreasing gradient of marine influence, long-term monitoring may be regarded as a promising tool for future studies on sea-level change. K E Y W O R D SBel Torrente cave, benthic foraminifera, Bue Marino cave, ecological zonation, marine caves,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Benthic foraminifera as proxies of marine influence in the Orosei marine caves, Sardinia, Italy

Romano

Bergamin

Bella

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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“…It can also be difficult to see the staining in opaque specimens including many species of agglutinated foraminifera (Bernhard, 2000). If used carefully, however, rose Bengal can be reasonably accurate in certain environments (Figueira et al, 2012;Murray and Bowser, 2000) and it is inexpensive and relatively easy to use on a research cruise, where there may be limited facilities.…”

Section: Parameters Of the Carbonate System (Pco 2 Co 2àmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic foraminifera show some resilience to ocean acidification in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico

Pettit

Hart

Medina-Sánchez

et al. 2013

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Extensive CO2 vents have been discovered in the Wagner Basin, northern Gulf of California, where they create large areas with lowered seawater pH. Such areas are suitable for investigations of long-term biological effects of ocean acidification and effects of CO2 leakage from subsea carbon capture storage. Here, we show responses of benthic foraminifera to seawater pH gradients at 74-207m water depth. Living (rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera included Nonionella basispinata, Epistominella bradyana and Bulimina marginata. Studies on foraminifera at CO2 vents in the Mediterranean and off Papua New Guinea have shown dramatic long-term effects of acidified seawater. We found living calcareous benthic foraminifera in low pH conditions in the northern Gulf of California, although there was an impoverished species assemblage and evidence of post-mortem test dissolution.

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“…drug-multicellular parasites relation (Trejo-Châvez et al, 2011), phytoplankton ecology (Peperzak and Brussaard, 2011); and microbenthology -i.e. benthic mi croalgae, ciliates, flagellates and foraminiferans (Bernhard et al, 2003(Bernhard et al, , 2006Pucci et al, 2009;First and Hollibaugh, 2010;Figueira et al, 2012, Langlet et al, 2013a. The use of CTG for metazoan organisms, however, has so far been limited to dysoxic laminated sediments in 400 to 600 m water depth (oxygen minimum zone in the Santa Barbara Basin; Bernhard et al, 2003), and deep-sea (3300 to 3600 m) anoxic sediments (Mediterranean; Danovaro et al, 2010).…”

Section: Grego Et Al: Ctg Labelling Vs Rose Bengal Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

CellTracker Green labelling vs. Rose Bengal staining: CTG wins by points in distinguishing living from dead anoxia-impacted copepods and nematodes

Grego¹,

Stachowitsch²,

Troch³

et al. 2013

Preprint

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Hypoxia and anoxia have become a key threat to shallow coastal seas. Much is known about their impact on macrofauna, less on meiofauna. In an attempt to shed more light on the latter group, in particular from a process-oriented view, we experimentally induced short-term anoxia (1 week) in the Northern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean, and examined the two most abundant meiofauna taxa – harpacticoid copepods and nematodes. Both taxa also represent different ends of the tolerance spectrum, with copepods being the most sensitive and nematodes among the most tolerant. We compared two methods: CellTracker Green (CTG) – new labelling approach for meiofauna – with the traditional Rose Bengal (RB) staining method. CTG binds to active enzymes and therefore colours live organisms only. The two methods show considerable differences in the number of living and dead individuals of both meiofauna taxa. Generally, RB will stain dead but not yet decomposed copepods and nematodes equally as live ones. Specifically, RB significantly overestimated the number of living copepods in all sediment layers in anoxic samples, but not in any normoxic samples. In contrast, for nematodes, the methods did not show such a clear difference between anoxia and normoxia. Surprisingly, RB overestimated the number of living nematodes in the top sediment layer of normoxic samples, which implies an overestimation of the overall live nematofauna. For monitoring and biodiversity studies, the RB method might be sufficient, but for more fine-scaled (days, hours, tipping points) studies, especially on hypoxia and anoxia where it is necessary to resolve the course of events, CTG labelling is a better tool. Moreover, it clearly highlights the surviving species within the copepod or nematode community. As already accepted for foraminiferal research, we demonstrate that the CTG labelling is also valid for other meiofauna groups

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Comparison of Rose Bengal and Celltracker Green Staining for Identification of Live Salt-Marsh Foraminifera

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Benthic foraminifera as proxies of marine influence in the Orosei marine caves, Sardinia, Italy

Benthic foraminifera as proxies of marine influence in the Orosei marine caves, Sardinia, Italy

Benthic foraminifera show some resilience to ocean acidification in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico

CellTracker Green labelling vs. Rose Bengal staining: CTG wins by points in distinguishing living from dead anoxia-impacted copepods and nematodes

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