Comparison of Saccadic Eye Movements Among the High-tension Glaucoma, Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma, and Normal-tension Glaucoma

Ganeshrao, Shonraj Ballae; Jaleel, Amina; Madicharla, Srija; Sri, Vanga Kavya; Zakir, Juwariah; Garudadri, Chandra S.; Senthil, Sirisha

doi:10.1097/ijg.0000000000001757

Cited by 9 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Gain of less than 1 indicates a hypometric saccade, and a gain of more than 1 indicates a hypermetric saccade. Saccade amplitude and gain were lower in glaucoma patients than controls in the three studies, 63 , 64 , 66 and there was no difference between the two studies. 62 , 67 …”

Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Ballae et al revealed average velocities of 145°/ms (control: 152°/ms) and peak velocities of 266°/ms (control: 315°/ms) which were statistically significant. 63 Their reporting of degrees per millisecond is interpreted by this review as a misprint and, based on their data, is likely degrees per second. Kanjee et al found no difference in peak saccade velocity and saccade duration when assessing targets within 10 degrees of fixation using binocular eye tracking in a smaller sample size of 16 patients with mild to advanced disease (compared to Ballae et al with a larger sample of uniformly advanced disease).…”

Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…

Figure 6 Forest plot of peak saccade velocity data as measured by degrees/ second. Ballae et al 63 report their velocities as degrees/ millisecond which is interpreted by the authors as a misprint. 62 , 63 , 66 …”

Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This cohort was also positioned 1.5 m away from their targets, which were subtended at 10 degrees from fixation, whereas targets were presented on a monitor up to 80 cm from the participants in comparative studies. 63 , 64 , 66 A greater distance from the monitor may have introduced larger variability in gaze estimates from parallax effects. 78 Where there was a difference, Najjar et al showed approximately 20% less gain on average for static targets of all positions (5, 10, 15, and 20 degrees from fixation).…”

Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…61 In glaucoma, several studies measured saccades through isolated reflexive and anti-saccade tasks which are summarized in Table 1. [62][63][64][65][66][67] Reflexive saccades are tested by asking participants to initially look at a central fixation target. The fixation target is extinguished after a short period of time and a target is presented within a certain number of visual angles peripheral to fixation (eg 7, 10, 20 degrees).…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye Movement Abnormalities in Glaucoma Patients: A Review

McDonald¹,

Stevenson²,

Kersten³

et al. 2022

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Glaucoma is a common condition that relies on careful clinical assessment to diagnose and determine disease progression. There is growing evidence that glaucoma is associated not only with loss of retinal ganglion cells but also with degeneration of cortical and subcortical brain structures associated with vision and eye movements. The effect of glaucoma pathophysiology on eye movements is not well understood. In this review, we examine the evidence surrounding altered eye movements in glaucoma patients compared to healthy controls, with a focus on quantitative eye tracking studies measuring saccades, fixation, and optokinetic nystagmus in a range of visual tasks. The evidence suggests that glaucoma patients have alterations in several eye movement domains. Patients exhibit longer saccade latencies, which worsen with increasing glaucoma severity. Other saccadic abnormalities include lower saccade amplitude and velocity, and difficulty inhibiting reflexive saccades. Fixation is pathologically altered in glaucoma with reduced stability. Optokinetic nystagmus measures have also been shown to be abnormal. Complex visual tasks (eg reading, driving, and navigating obstacles), integrate these eye movements and result in behavioral adaptations. The review concludes with a summary of the evidence and recommendations for future research in this emerging field.

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Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…

Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Which Eye Movements Have Been Studied In Glaucoma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye Movement Abnormalities in Glaucoma Patients: A Review

McDonald¹,

Stevenson²,

Kersten³

et al. 2022

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Eye Tracking to Assess the Functional Consequences of Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review

Nieboer,

Ghiani,

de Vries

et al. 2023

Optom Vis Sci

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BACKGROUND Eye tracking is a promising method for objectively assessing functional visual capabilities, but its suitability remains unclear when assessing the vision of people with vision impairment. In particular, accurate eye tracking typically relies on a stable and reliable image of the pupil and cornea, which may be compromised by abnormalities associated with vision impairment (e.g., nystagmus, aniridia). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish the degree to which video-based eye tracking can be used to assess visual function in the presence of vision impairment. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, encompassing literature from inception to July 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Studies included in the review used video-based eye tracking, included individuals with vision impairment, and used screen-based tasks unrelated to practiced skills such as reading or driving. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The included studies were assessed for quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology assessment tool. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that five common tests of visual function were used: (i) fixation stability, (ii) smooth pursuit, (iii) saccades, (iv) free viewing, and (v) visual search. The studies reported considerable success when testing individuals with vision impairment, yielding usable data from 96.5% of participants. LIMITATIONS There was an overrepresentation of conditions affecting the optic nerve or macula and an underrepresentation of conditions affecting the anterior segment or peripheral retina. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS The results offer promise for the use of eye tracking to assess the visual function of a considerable proportion of those with vision impairment. Based on the findings, we outline a framework for how eye tracking can be used to test visual function in the presence of vision impairment.

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Contrast Discrimination and Global Form Perception in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Karthikeyan,

McKendrick,

Pai

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose This study explored early (contrast discrimination) and intermediate (global form perception) visual processing in primary subtypes of glaucoma: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). We aimed to understand early and intermediate visual processing in POAG and PACG, matched for similar visual field defect severity. Methods Early visual processing was measured using a contrast discrimination task described by Porkorny and Smith (1997), and intermediate processing using a global form perception task using glass pattern coherence thresholds. Thresholds were determined centrally and at a single midperipheral location (12.5°) in a quadrant without visual field defects. Controls were tested in corresponding quadrants to individuals with glaucoma. Results Sixty participants (20 POAG, 20 PACG, and 20 age-matched controls), aged 50 to 77 years, were included. Visual field defects were matched between POAG and PACG, with mean deviation values of −6.53 ± 4.46 (range: −1.5 to −16.85) dB and −6.2 ± 4.24 (range: −1.37 to −16.42) dB, respectively. Two-Way ANOVA revealed significant differences in thresholds between the glaucoma groups and the control group for both contrast discrimination and global form perception tasks, with higher thresholds in the glaucoma groups. Post hoc analyses showed no significant contrast discrimination difference between POAG and PACG, but POAG had significantly higher thresholds than PACG for form perception. Conclusions In form perception, POAG showed slightly worse performance than PACG, suggesting that individuals with POAG may experience more severe functional damage than PACG of similar visual field severity.

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Comparison of Saccadic Eye Movements Among the High-tension Glaucoma, Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma, and Normal-tension Glaucoma

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Eye Movement Abnormalities in Glaucoma Patients: A Review

Eye Movement Abnormalities in Glaucoma Patients: A Review

Eye Tracking to Assess the Functional Consequences of Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review

Contrast Discrimination and Global Form Perception in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma

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