Comparison of Salivary and Serum Alkaline Phosphates Level and Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Patients with Tobacco Related Oral Lesions with Healthy Subjects - A Step Towards Early Diagnosis

Abstract

Cancer is the second most common disease in India responsible for maximum mortality with about 0.3 millions deaths per year (Imran et al., 2012; Dhivyalakshmi and Uma Maheswari, 2014). In India the incidence of oral cancer is about 3-7 times more common as compared to resource rich countries (Dhivyalakshmi and Uma Maheswari, 2014; Misra et al., 2009). India tops in the prevalence of oral cancer in the world and remains the commonest cancer amongst the male population. Oral cancer is the third most common cancer in India after cervical and breast cancer amongst women (Khan, 2012). In India, the age standardized incidence rate of oral cancer is reported at 12.6 per 100,000 people (Khan, 2012). The increased prevalence of the oral cancer in the Indian subcontinent seems to be due to the high exposure to sunlight due to farming, smoking and other smokeless tobacco habits, alcohol, spicy food, and neglect of overall oral health. It is said that one third of all oral cancers are

Assessment of serum synuclein‐γ and squamous cell carcinoma antigen as diagnostic biomarkers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders

“…Because OSCC has the characteristics of high incidence, frequent metastasis, high recurrence rate, and high mortality rate, detecting OSCC at the early precancer stage is imperative. Recently, it has been found that some biomarkers such as granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin‐6, miR‐483‐5p, serum alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase can be used as diagnostic indicators in the serum of OSCC or OPMD patients, 19‐21 but no marker with high sensitivity and specificity has been routinely used in clinical practice to detect OSCC and OPMDs.…”

Salivary Markers in Relation to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Smokeless Tobacco Users: A Literature Review

“…In a study conducted by Goyal, patients were divided into healthy, a history of tobacco use, pre-malignant lesions, and oral cancer groups. The amount of LDH saliva increased from the first to the fifth group, and it has been stated that LDH could be considered a sensitive marker for the revealing of dysplasia with already existing premalignant and OSCC lesions (46) (Table 4).…”