Comparison of Salivary Cytokine Levels in Oral Cancer Patients and Healthy Subjects

Abstract

In order to find informative salivary biomarkers specific to oral cancer we examined expression of 4 kinds of cytokine in saliva. Levels of interleukins (IL-1␤, -6, -8) and osteopontin were measured by ELISA using whole saliva samples collected from 19 patients with oral cancer (9 men, 10 women; mean age, 60.9 years) and 20 healthy persons (15 men, 5 women; mean age, 32 years). Expression of the 4 cytokines was higher in patients with oral cancer than in healthy controls. The difference was significant in IL-6, in particular.The results suggest that saliva offers a potential target for a screening test aimed at detection of precancerous lesions.

Salivary and serum interleukin-6 levels in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia

“…Cytokines and chemokines have been analysed in patients with OSCC [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], and in potentially malignant disorders, most commonly interleukin-6 (IL-6) [19,21,22,[30][31][32][33]. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine produced by macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells [34].…”

Cytokines in saliva increase in head and neck cancer patients after treatment

“…Several studies have reported increases in salivary IL-8, TNFa, IL-1, IL-6, basic fibroblast growth factor and IL-1β. 1, 9, 10, 13, 22 in HNSCC relative to normal patients but did not quantify changes post-treatment. The present study quantified cytokines pre- and post-treatment.…”

“…6, 21 Eight cytokines, TNFα, EGF, GROα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF were analyzed because these cytokine are secreted in saliva from HNSCC patients 9, 11–13, 22 and were quantifiable concurrently in a multiplex assay. The concurrent increase in IL-6 and IL-8 in post-treatment saliva suggests a common regulatory mechanism, such as NF-κB, which plays an important role in development and progression of HNSCC.…”

“…Then patients were followed clinically to determine the prognostic value of pre-treatment biomarkers, but the biomarkers were not serially measured. 6, 9–13, 25, 26 Pre-treatment levels of cancer biomarkers can vary widely in patients with the same type of cancer. 27 Moreover, variations in cytokine secretion occur in individuals without cancer.…”

Promising Future in the Detection of Oral Cancer by Using Advance Screening Technology

“…So far, more than 100 potential OSCC salivary biomarkers have been reported in the literature, based mainly on comparing the levels found in OSCC patients to the levels found in non-OSCC normal controls. Most categories of Potential salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection are : Non-organic compound (Na, Ca, F, and Mg) [43], peptid (Defensin-1) [44], proteins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Endothelin-1,...) [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], DNAs ( P53 gene codon 63,…) [60,61], mRNAs (IL-1β, H3F3A,…) [62], Oxidative stress-related molecules (Glutathione, Peroxidase,…) [26], Glucocorticoid (Cortisol) [63], Metabolomics (Lactic acid, Valine,….) [64], Glycosylation related molecules (Sialic acid, α-L-fucosidase) [65,66].…”