Comparison of Salivary TIMP-1 Levels in Periodontally Involved and Healthy Controls and the Response to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy

Abstract

Background. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. Periodontal destruction is an outcome of the imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We wanted to prove the hypothesis that salivary TIPM-1 level will vary in different people. A decrease in TIMP-1 level could make them more susceptible to periodontitis whereas a normal level could prevent increased tissue destruction thereby inhibiting the progression from gingivitis to periodontitis. This could probably pave the way for TIPM-1 to be a specific salivary biomarker and serve as a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in periodontitis. Methods. Whole unstimulated saliva of 2 ml was collected from twenty-five periodontally healthy and twenty-seven systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis. Clinical parameters recorded at baseline and reevaluated after four weeks in subjects with periodontitis following nonsurgical periodontal therapy were gingival index (GI), oral hygiene index-Simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Salivary TIMP-1 levels in both were analyzed using a commercially available ELISA kit.

Diagnostic Utility of Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in Chronic Periodontitis: A Novel Approach

“…This study also corroborates an earlier study done by Fenol et al (2014) where the salivary levels of MMP-8 were found to be 94.3 ± 32.5 ng/ml in the periodontally diseased group and 77.6 ± 25.3 ng/ml in the healthy control group [5].…”

“…Chronic periodontitis was defined by the consensus committee of American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) "as an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment, and bone loss" [3]. The disease is considered as a polymicrobial in- Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate the activity of the zinc metalloproteases [5]. TIMPs are naturally occurring endogenous inhibitors to the activities of MMPs, which prevent their hyperactivity.…”

“…These inhibitors include tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1, 2, 3, and 4 (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4). In health, there's a balance between MMPs and TIMPs, which when destabilized, will predispose to destruction of collagen in gingival tissues leading to periodontal tissue destruction [5].…”

“…Various authors have established a relationship between Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and chronic periodontitis [5] [6] [7]. However, due to genetic variations and environmental factors, there is a need to assess the role of this enzyme in the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis among Nigerians.…”

Impact of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Salivary Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinse-1 (TIMP-1) in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Third World Experience

“…In developing countries such as Nigeria, periodontal disease with deep pocketing occurs at an early age, the prevalence is 15% -58% in those aged above 15 years [9]. The rate of progression of periodontal disease is determined by a complex interplay between pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators, making some individuals more susceptible to the disease than others [10]. For healthy condition to be maintained, there are the counteracting effects of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) which are naturally occurring endogenous inhibitors to the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) preventing their hyperactivity.…”