Comparison of SBR and MLFMM techniques for the computation of RCS of a fighter aircraft

Bilal, Ahmad; Hamza, Syed Muhammad; Taj, Ziauddin; Salamat, Shuaib

doi:10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0070

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Then, the electromagnetic field is reconstructed at that aperture and physical optics methods are applied to compute the light-matter interaction. Applications of SBR methods are extensive, and include: simulation of radar for imaging [Feng and Guo 2021]; driving-assistive technology [Castro et al 2019]; urban structures verification [Weijie and Xiaojie 2016]; analysis of stealth aircraft scattering cross-section [Bilal et al 2019]; ground-penetrating radar [Warren et al 2016]; radio propagation [Gunduzalp et al 2019]; analysis of WiFi antenna characteristics [Chen et al 2019]; and, indoor positioning using WiFi [Hossain et al 2018].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optics Rendering

Steinberg¹,

Ramamoorthi²,

Bitterli³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fig. 1. From ray optics to wave optics. In this paper we present the generalized ray: an extension of the classical ray to wave optics. The generalized ray retains the defining characteristics of the ray-optical ray: locality and linearity. These properties allow the generalized ray to serve as a "point query" of light's behaviour-the same purpose that the classical ray fulfils in rendering. By using such generalized rays, we enable the rendering of complex scenes, like the one shown, under rigorous wave-optical light transport. Materials admitting diffractive optical phenomena are visible: (a) a Bornite ore with a layer of copper oxide causing interference; (b) a Brazilian Rainbow Boa, whose scales are biological diffraction grated surfaces; and (c) a Chrysomelidae beetle, whose colour arises due to naturally-occurring multilayered interference reflectors in its elytron. Our formalism serves as a link between path tracing techniques and wave optics, and admits a highly general validity domain. Therefore, we are able to apply sophisticated sampling techniques, and achieve performance that surpasses the state-of-the-art by orders-of-magnitude. We indicate resolution and samples-per-pixel (spp) count in all figures rendered using our method. While these figures showcase converged (high spp) results, our implementation also allows interactive rendering of all these scenes at 1 spp. Frame times (at 1 spp) for interactive rendering are indicated. Implementation, as well as additional renderings and videos are available in our supplemental material. Under ray-optical light transport, the classical ray serves as a local and linear "point query" of light's behaviour. Such point queries are useful, and sophisticated path tracing and sampling techniques enable efficiently computing solutions to light transport problems in complex, real-world settings and environments. However, such formulations are firmly confined to the realm of ray optics, while many applications of interest, in computer graphics and computational optics, demand a more precise understanding of light. We rigorously formulate the generalized ray, which enables local and linear point queries of the wave-optical phase space. Furthermore, we present sample-solve: a simple method that serves as a novel link between path tracing and computational optics. We will show that this link enables the

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Generalized Ray Formulation For Wave-Optics Rendering

Steinberg¹,

Ramamoorthi²,

Bitterli³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…as finite differential time domain (FDTD) [6], method of moments (MoM) [7]- [10] and multi-level fast multi-pole method (MLFMM) [11]- [15]. Full-wave EM analysis can yield very accurate results, but it is computationally expensive and may present some minor issues when dealing with electrically large structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, high-frequency technology based on the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) can be utilized to evaluate an aircraft's RCS much more efficiently. Several previous studies successfully showed the aircraft RCS study using the high-frequency methods [15]- [22]. The SBR method was used to analyze the RCS of various aircrafts including scale down models [15]- [17] and full-scale models [16]- [19], which were assumed as a perfect electric conductor (PEC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several previous studies successfully showed the aircraft RCS study using the high-frequency methods [15]- [22]. The SBR method was used to analyze the RCS of various aircrafts including scale down models [15]- [17] and full-scale models [16]- [19], which were assumed as a perfect electric conductor (PEC). In addition, the RCS of aircrafts full- [20] and partially coated [21], [22] with radar absorbing materials (RAM) was evaluated using the SBR method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Radome Cross Section of an Aircraft Equipped With a FSS Radome

Shin

Yoon

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We study the radar cross section (RCS) property of an aircraft considering the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of a frequency selective surface (FSS) radome, mounted on the aircraft. Instead of full-wave methods, we utilize high-frequency methods, such as the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR), physical theory of diffraction (PTD), and flat model, taking a significant computational efficiency. Based on the developed algorithm, we analyze monostatic and bistatic RCSs of the aircraft equipped with either singleand multi-layer dielectric, FSS, or PEC radomes in terms of frequency and polarization. Our calculations are validated by comparing with those of the commercial EM simulator with significant computational efficiency. The present numerical study indicates that including the radome EM characteristics into the overall aircraft RCS study is crucial for the accurate RCS estimate INDEX TERMS Frequency selective surface (FSS), FSS radome, radar cross section (RCS), shooting and bouncing rays (SBR), physical theory of diffraction (PTD), flat model.

show abstract

“…In this work, a design space defined by the upper and lower bounds of four key geometric variables is explored at multiple frequencies by computing RCS in azimuth plane using shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) [17] simulations. Subsequently, the results are used as training data for GP modelling to predict RCS at intermediate design points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%