Comparison of seawater absorption properties of thermoset resins based composites

Visco, Annamaria; Campo, N.; Cianciafara, P.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.10.009

Cited by 77 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The cured sample shows two peaks, at ~65 °C and ~120 °C, similar values to those found in the literature that were ~68 °C and ~127 °C [4]. The former nearly disappears and the latter narrows and shifts to ~115 °C after post-curing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Composite materials produced with vinyl ester resins and glass fibers are widely used in marine application, such as fishing trawlers, canoes, patrol boats, mine hunters and submarine domes [4]. In many cases, sandwich composite structures are chosen and the easy processing of VER allows the use of liquid molding techniques, such as infusion and RTM light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Studies on thermal and viscoelastic properties of vinyl ester resin and its composites with glass fiber

Garay

Paese

Souza³

et al. 2015

Matéria (Rio J.)

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Vinyl ester resins are widely used in sandwich composite structures. Because of their good resistance to chemicals, flexibility and easy processing, these sandwich are extensively applied in the marine sector. These composites are typically manufactured by liquid molding processes, especially infusion. In this study, RTM light was used to inject the polymeric resin into the mold cavity, flowing in the space between the impermeable core and the mold walls, where the fibrous medium was. In this process, viscosity, gel time and curing time of the resin are very important parameters. This work addressed the curing and post-curing characteristics of a vinyl ester resin, and also the characteristics of neat and reinforced vinyl ester using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The increase in shear rate did not significantly influence resin viscosity within the studied range. Differential scanning calorimetry showed the efficiency of the post-curing stage, with the decrease in residual enthalpy. With DMA, it was possible to determine gel time and gel temperature, which yielded similar values to those found by the SPI (Society of the Plastics Industry) method, indicating that the simpler SPI method can be reliably used for that.Keywords: Vinyl ester, DMA, RTM light, sandwich composites. INTRODUÇÃOVinyl ester resins (VER) result from the reaction between bisphenol-A based epoxy oligomers and unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid which provides unsaturated terminal sites [1]. This resin is one of the most important thermoset polymers that combine the chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy resins with the fast cure of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) [2][3].Composite materials produced with vinyl ester resins and glass fibers are widely used in marine application, such as fishing trawlers, canoes, patrol boats, mine hunters and submarine domes [4]. In many cases, sandwich composite structures are chosen and the easy processing of VER allows the use of liquid molding techniques, such as infusion and RTM light. In these processes, resin is injected into the mold cavity, flowing in the space between the impermeable core of the sandwich and the mold walls, where the fibrous medium is. Since resin flow occurs through long distances, viscosity and gel time of the resin become critical parameters.The cure of VER plays a vital role in their processing and cure kinetics studies have received much attention. Calorimetry has been used to determine the effect of the initiator concentration and oxygen on the rate of cure [5]. These resins generally contains 30-60% styrene by weight, which serves as diluents to enhance linear chain extension and to reduce viscosity of the resin, allowing for easy processing and room temperature curing [6]. Styrene also acts as a "bridge'' between chains during the cross-link process, that occurs when an initiator opens up double-carbon bonds between vinyl ester and styrene molecules, allowing these free radicals to link and crosslink, resulting in a cur...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on thermal and viscoelastic properties of vinyl ester resin and its composites with glass fiber

Garay

Paese

Souza³

et al. 2015

Matéria (Rio J.)

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“…It has also been described that by optimization of loading of short aramid fibers and external variables (standoff resistance, impingement angle, erodent size, impact velocity, etc. ), erosion or wear performance enhancement of short aramid-fiber-reinforced VER composite can be successfully achieved (Kumar et al 2011) A comparative study of the chemical and thermal behavior of two main types of thermosetting polymers, i.e., polyester resin and VER, showed that the VER cure reaction proceeded more slowly, because of which it was able to form a more compact structure; as a result, the VE/glass fiber composite gave better chemical resistance against seawater (Visco et al 2011). In order to use these resins as matrix for preparing composites with high dielectric strength, hollow glass microballoons were used as fillers to obtain syntactic foams in order to develop integrated circuit boards having good mechanical strength (Shunmugasamy et al 2013).…”

Section: Vers As Matrix For Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New trends in vinyl ester resins

Jaswal

Gaur

2014

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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Vinyl ester resins (VERs) are high-performance unsaturated resins derived by the addition reaction of various epoxide resins with α-β unsaturated carboxylic acids. These resins have always been classified under unsaturated polyester resins. However, VERs have remarkable corrosion resistance and superior physical properties as compared with these conventional polyester resins, which make VERs a class of their own and hallmark of today's resin industries. Hence, there is a need to review the available literature on this important class of thermosetting resins separately. In this article, an attempt is made to review the state of the art of VERs, including synthesis, characterization, curing, thermal, chemical, oxidative properties, and applications. The main focus is on the latest developments in this area.

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“…These diffusion mechanisms generally lead to the following damages in the composites: degradation by a hydrolysis reaction of unsaturated groups within the resin [9,10], interfacial fracture [11][12][13][14], debonding [15] and interlaminar toughness [16][17][18][19][20]. Beyond these considerations, it is well known that water absorption also affects the mechanical behavior of composite materials globally [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In spite of these investigations, few works studied the combined effect of damage mechanics and environmental ageing on the ultimate properties of composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fatigue Testing and Aquatic Environment on the Tensile Properties of Glass and Kevlar Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Menail¹,

Mahi²

2015

J Aeronaut Aerospace Eng

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This paper presents the experimental results of the influence of water ageing after mechanical fatigue on glassfiber composites, compared with Kevlar-fiber composites. The tested specimens were subjected to fatigue during various numbers of cycles (100 to 50000). After that, they were immersed into tap water and simulated seawater for different periods (4, 20 and 40 days). Next, the tensile tests were made on the unaged and aged samples in order to determine the evolution of the strength and stiffness under local interactions of the water absorption and fatigue. The obtained results showed that tensile characteristics were clearly affected by the immersion treatment and fatigue loading. In fact, the residual stiffness and residual strength decreased when the immersion time and cycle number of fatigue increased, indicating that the studied composites have experienced some forms of mechanical damage.

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Comparison of seawater absorption properties of thermoset resins based composites

Cited by 77 publications

References 27 publications

Studies on thermal and viscoelastic properties of vinyl ester resin and its composites with glass fiber

Studies on thermal and viscoelastic properties of vinyl ester resin and its composites with glass fiber

New trends in vinyl ester resins

Effect of Fatigue Testing and Aquatic Environment on the Tensile Properties of Glass and Kevlar Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Composites

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