Comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in Korea

Lim, Sun; Irwin, Peter; Lee, SeungRyong; Oh, MyungHwan; Ahn, Kyu-Sung; Myung, BoYoung; Shin, Sung-Shik

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-32

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The seroprevalence was higher in dogs living in the Plain zone and in rural areas than it was in the Foothill zone and in urban areas, which was also reported by Lim et al (2010) in Korea and Costa et al (2007) in Brazil. This may be explained by a number of factors, such as suitable environmental conditions for tick survival (for example, warmer temperatures that lead to higher tick infestation rates) and the lack of ectoparasite control programs in rural areas and in the Plain zone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Apart from climatic conditions, certain epidemiological factors such as vector distribution, animal behavior, age of the population studied (RODRIGUEZ-VIVAS et al, 2005;TRAPP et al, 2006;LIM et al, 2010), management practices and habitat where the animals live (SAINZ et al, 1995) may affect the prevalence of canine ehrlichiosis. The prevalence of E. canis in dogs that lived in rural areas was 21% in this study, which was much higher than …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia canis in naturally exposed dogs in Iran: an analysis on associated risk factors

Maazi

Malmasi

Shayan

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The general aim of this study, which was conducted for the first time in Iran, was to evaluate the seroprevalence and geographical distribution of Ehrlichia canis in a dog population in Iran, followed by molecular confirmation using PCR and sequencing. Blood samples were collected from 240 dogs in different areas of Alborz and Tehran Provinces and initially analyzed using the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test to detect anti-Ehrlichia canis IgG antibodies. Subsequently, nested PCR was performed based on a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of E. canis on serologically positive samples. The results showed that 40/240 dogs (16.6%) presented anti-Ehrlichia canis IgG antibodies and that nine of the blood samples from the 40 seropositive dogs (22.5%) contained E. canis DNA, which was confirmed by sequencing. The seroprevalence of E. canis tended to be higher in purebred, one to three-year-old male dogs living in the Plain zone, in rural areas; however, this difference was not statistically significant.Keywords: Ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia canis, IFA, nested PCR, dogs, Iran. ResumoO objetivo geral deste estudo, que foi feito pela primeira vez no Irã, foi avaliar a soroprevalência e distribuição geográfica de Ehrlichia canis em população de cães no Irã, seguida da confirmação molecular por meio de PCR seguida de sequenciamento. Amostras de sangue de 240 cães de diferentes áreas das Províncias de Alborz e Teerã foram coletadas e, inicialmente, analisadas pelo Reação de Imunofluorescência (IFA) para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Ehrlichia canis Subsequentemente, uma reação do tipo nested PCR baseada em um fragmento do gene 16S rRNA de E. canis foi realizada nas amostras sorologicamente positivas. Os resultados mostraram que 40/240 cães (16,6%) apresentaram anticorpos IgG anti-Ehrlichia canis e nove (22,5%) das amostras de sangue dos 40 cães soropositivos continham DNA de E. canis, confirmado por sequenciamento. A soroprevalência de E. canis, embora não estatisticamente significativa, mostrou uma tendência em se apresentar maior em cães machos com 1-3 anos, de raça pura, que vivem em zonas planas e áreas rurais.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia canis in naturally exposed dogs in Iran: an analysis on associated risk factors

Maazi

Malmasi

Shayan

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Lower percentages (2.72-5.5%) were reported from France (Pantchev et al 2009), Romania (Mircean et al 2012), and Spain (Miró et al 2013). In other countries, such as Germany (Kohn et al 2011), the United States (Beall et al 2008), and Korea (Lim et al 2010), much higher seropositivity (18.8-43.2%) was found amongst the local dogs. The seroprevalence of this rickettsial infection in dogs has a very wide range worldwide, even between the different regions of a country (Kohn et al 2011, Miró et al 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Seroprevalence of Some Vector-Borne Infections of Dogs in Hungary

Farkas

Gyurkovszky

Lukács³

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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The first comprehensive study on the prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Dirofilaria immitis) was carried in Hungary because, except for babesiosis and dirofilariosis caused by Dirofilaria repens, there were no data on their regional distribution and prevalence. In 2011 and 2012, 1305 blood samples were collected from randomly selected, apparently healthy pet dogs in 167 localities of 19 counties of Hungary. All sera samples from dogs were screened for simultaneous qualitative detection of circulating antibodies to E. canis and B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis antigen using SNAP Ò 4Dx (IDEXX Laboratories). Overall, 170 dogs (13.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 11-15) were serologically positive to one or more of the tested pathogens. A. phagocytophilum was the most prevalent pathogen detected in 102 dogs by antibody titers (7.9%, 95% CI 6.5-9.5), followed by D. immitis (2.4%, 95% CI 1.0-4.0, n = 64) and B. burgdorferi (0.4%, 95% CI 0.0-1.1, n = 11) out of 1305 tested dogs. The least prevalent infection was with E. canis, with only two positive dogs (0.16%, 95% CI 0.03-0.6). Co-infection was found in eight dogs (0.61%, 95% CI 0.29-1.21), of which seven were seropositive to two pathogens (five with A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis, two with A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi). One dog was serologically positive to three pathogens (A. phagocytophilum, B. burgdorferi, and D. immitis). Purebred and crossbred animals did not show significantly different levels of seropositivity. There was no significant association between the gender and the results of diagnostic testing. Logistic regression analysis showed a higher chance of seropositivity in the older dogs.

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“…Several studies found older dogs having an increased risk of D. immitis infection that was thought to be due to the prepatency period of the parasite (Song et al, 2003;Tudor et al, 2009;Lim et al, 2010;Vieira et al, 2014). According to the literature (Montoya et al, 1998;Yildirim et al, 2007) another important risk factor is the time of exposure to the vector; in fact these dogs were kept in outdoor shelters, where they were more likely to acquire this infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

et al. 2016

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A survey was conducted in the eastern part of Romania to assess the prevalence and geographical distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. Plasma samples were collected from 458 stray dogs hosted in shelters in 8 counties and tested serologically for the presence of heartworm. In addition, 45 blood samples from dogs of a shelter in Galati city were examined by the modified Knott and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The immmunological assay showed a heartworm infection prevalence of 8.9% in the dogs. Optical density results for positive samples ranged between 0.217 and 2.683. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to produce overlays of distribution maps of D. immitis prevalence and predictive maps based on temperature suitability. High prevalence of D. immitis was found in the central East up to the northern border of the country, i.e.Galati county (60%), followed by the counties of Vaslui (12.0%) and Iasi (7.7%). Out of 45 samples examined using the Knott test, 23 were positive for circulating microfilariae (51.1%), while 19 dogs were positive for D. immitis and 4 for both D. immitis and D. repens with the multiplex PCR test. The high prevalence for D. immitis shown in dogs in the Southeast (Galati, 42.2%) also by multiplex PCR gave strong support to the results achieved by the serological tests. The present study confirms the ability of GIS to predict the distribution and epidemiology of dirofilariosis in different geographical territories as has been already demonstrated by the empirical epidemiological data obtained at the continental, national and intraregional levels.

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Comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in Korea

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia canis in naturally exposed dogs in Iran: an analysis on associated risk factors

Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia canis in naturally exposed dogs in Iran: an analysis on associated risk factors

Seroprevalence of Some Vector-Borne Infections of Dogs in Hungary

Geographic distribution of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern Romania

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