Comparison of self cold start strategies of automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Amamou, Ali; Boulon, Loïc; Kélouwani, Sousso

doi:10.1109/icit.2018.8352298

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To mitigate the negative impact of subzero temperatures on the PEMFC performance efficiency, a number of approaches are used for the prevention of ice formation. The most popular approach used for removing excess moisture from MEA is dry gas purging [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. This method can completely prevent water crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

Mensharapov

Ivanova²,

Spasov³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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In this study, we performed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate the structure of Nafion® membranes. The effect of freeze/thaw (F/T) cycles (from ambient temperature down to −40 °C) on the membrane nanostructure was considered for the first time. The SAXS measurements were taken for different samples: a commercial Nafion® 212 membrane swollen in water and methanol solution, and a water-swollen silica-modified membrane. The membrane structure parameters were obtained from the measured SAXS profiles using a model-dependent approach. It is shown that the average radius of water channels (Rwc) decreases during F/T cycles due to changes in the membrane structure as a result of ice formation in the pore volume after freezing. The use of water-methanol solution (methanol content of 20 vol.%) for the membrane soaking prevents changes in the membrane structure during F/T cycles compared to the water-swollen membrane. Modification of the membrane surface with silica (SiO2 content of 20 wt.%) led to a redistribution of water in the membrane volume and resulted in a decrease in Rwc. However, Rwc for the modified membrane did not decrease with the increasing number of F/T cycles due to the involvement of SiO2 in the sorption of membrane water and, therefore, the prevention of ice formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

Mensharapov

Ivanova²,

Spasov³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…The results of this paper show that the maximum power cold start mode is capable of balancing the heat production and the ice formation, resulting in an enhanced cold start survivability compared to the well-known constant voltage and constant current modes. One common problem of all the three galvanostatic, potentiostatic, and maximum power mode cold start strategies is that their operation is afflicted to a great extent by the PEMFC system performance drifts owing to the variation of degradation state and operating conditions [28]. Performance degradation of PEMFCs is usually defined by the loss of voltage versus time [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient model selection for real-time adaptive cold start strategy of a fuel cell system on vehicular applications

Amamou

Kandidayeni

Macías

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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The PEMFC maximum power is greatly influenced by subfreezing temperature and degradation phenomena. Therefore, a dependable model is required to estimate the power with respect to the variation of the operating conditions and state of health. Semi-empirical models are potent tools in this regard. Nonetheless, there is not much information about their cold environment reliability. This paper comprehensively compares the performance of some models (already tested in normal ambient temperature) in subfreezing condition to introduce the most reliable one for PEMFC cold start-up application. Firstly, seven models are compared regarding voltage losses and precision. Subsequently, the three most dependable ones are selected and experimentally compared at sub-zero temperature in terms of polarization curve estimation for three PEMFCs with different degradation levels. The results of this study indicate that the model introduced by Amphlett et. al has a superior performance compared to other ones regarding the characteristic's estimation in below-zero temperature.

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“…In order to increase the heat flux supplied by the galvanostatic solution and to provide a self-cold start from -20°C, Guo et al [26] introduce an O2/H2 mixture on the anode side during the cold start. The majority of studies regarding the self-cold start strategy propose purging the PEMFC after shutdown and considering the potentiostatic mode at startup [24,25,28,36]. This strategy is shown to be effective at cold startup from -20°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Online Self Cold Startup Methodology for PEM Fuel Cells in Vehicular Applications

Amamou

Kandidayeni

Kélouwani

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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This paper puts forward an adaptive cold start strategy for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on maximum power mode. The proposed strategy consists of a water evacuation process after PEMFC shutdown and a selfheating process at PEMFC cold startup. To maximize the performance of the suggested strategy, an optimal operating condition for the cold start procedure is sought first. In this respect, an experimental parametric study is performed to explore the impact of fan velocity, micro-short circuit, anode pressure, and purge procedure on the PEMFC cold start performance. After laying down the proper conditions, the proposed cold start procedure is implemented on a test bench for experimental validations. The self-heating process is based on an online adaptive algorithm that maximizes the PEMFC's internal heat depending on its operating parameters' variation. In fact, this algorithm attempts to keep the current density at high levels, leading to PEMFC's performance improvement achieved by membrane hydration and temperature increase. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, which presents a fast and cost-effective PEMFC's cold start.

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Comparison of self cold start strategies of automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

Efficient model selection for real-time adaptive cold start strategy of a fuel cell system on vehicular applications

An Online Self Cold Startup Methodology for PEM Fuel Cells in Vehicular Applications

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