“…Overall, MCs seem to have adverse effects on: (a) seed germination (Saqrane et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2012b;El Khalloufi et al, 2012;Lahrouni et al, 2012;Corbel et al, 2015;Cao et al, 2018a); (b) seedling growth and development (McElhiney et al, 2001;M-Hamvas et al, 2003;Pereira et al, 2009;El Khalloufi et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2012b;El Khalloufi et al, 2013;Lahrouni et al, 2013;Freitas et al, 2015a;Lahrouni et al, 2015;Liang and Wang, 2015;Cao et al, 2018 b;Pham, 2018;Zhu et al, 2018); (c) nitrogen uptake (Lahrouni et al, 2012(Lahrouni et al, , 2016 and (d) photosynthetic assimilation (El Khalloufi et al, 2011;Lahrouni et al, 2012;Liang and Wang, 2015;B-Oliveira et al, 2016;Machado et al, 2017b), besides inducing acute oxidative stress (El Khalloufi et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2012a;Lahrouni et al, 2012 ;El Khalloufi et al, 2013;B-Oliveira et al, 2016;Pereira et al, 2017;Cao et al, 2018 a, b). However, response of plants to MCs depends on the following: (a) plant species; (b) toxin variant; (c) toxin concentration applied; (d) toxin nature (purified or crude extract); (e) exposure time; (f) method of irrigation (surface or spray irrigation); and (j) biochemical composition of agricultural soil in which the plant subject is studied (Abe et al, 1996;McElhiney e...…”