Comparison of serum and plasma specimens for syphilis serology using the reagin screen test

Dyckman, John D.; Wende, Reuben D.

doi:10.1128/jcm.11.1.16-18.1980

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Access to archived serum samples can be limited and to overcome this issue, archived porcine plasma samples were also used in this study. While the PEDV assay was not validated on plasma, evidence in the literature suggests that the degree of antibody detection in serum and plasma is essentially identical [31][32][33][34]. Overall, the obtained data suggest that PDCoV has been circulating in the North American pig population prior to 2013 without being recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Development and Application of an ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus IgG Antibodies

et al. 2015

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Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), also known as porcine coronavirus HKU15, was first detected in North America in early 2014 and associated with enteric disease in pigs, resulting in an urgent need to further investigate the ecology of this virus. While assays detecting nucleic acids were implemented quickly, assays to detect anti-PDCoV antibodies have not been available. In this study, an indirect anti-PDCoV IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the putative S1 portion of the spike protein was developed and utilized to determine the prevalence of anti-PDCoV IgG in U.S. pigs. The diagnostic sensitivity of the PDCoV ELISA was 91% with a diagnostic specificity of 95%. A total of 968 serum samples were tested including samples with confirmed infection with PDCoV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus or porcine respiratory coronavirus. There was no cross-reactivity with any of the other coronaviruses. Among 355 arbitrarily selected serum samples collected in 2014 and originating from 51 farms across 18 U.S. states, anti-PDCoV IgG antibodies were detected in 8.7% of the samples and in 25.5% of the farms whereas anti-PEDV IgG was detected in 22.8% of the samples and in 54.9% of the farms. In addition, anti-PDCoV IgG antibodies were detected in archived samples collected in 2010, perhaps indicating an earlier undetected introduction into the U.S. pig population. Overall, the obtained data suggest that PDCoV seroprevalence in U.S. pigs is lower compared to PEDV and PDCoV may have been introduced to the U.S. prior to PEDV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Development and Application of an ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus IgG Antibodies

et al. 2015

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“…Comment and evidence summary. Sensitivity and specificity estimates of RPR and VDRL were similar but not exact in head-to-head studies and studies that used similar reference standards (95)(96)(97)(98)(99)(101)(102)(103)(104)(106)(107)(108)111,112,139). When assessing changes in antibody titers using nontreponemal (lipoidal antigen) tests, it is critical that the same test be used because titers are used by clinicians to classify the infection status of a patient and follow treatment response (55).…”

Section: Specificity Of Serologic Testsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…gov/view/cdc/138288). VDRL had a similar sensitivity range (50.0%-78.4%) (95)(96)(97)(98)(99)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107). One head-to-head comparison study of RPR and VDRL nontreponemal (lipoidal antigen) tests from 76 patients with primary syphilis confirmed by darkfield microscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 48.7% and 50.0% for RPR and VDRL, respectively (101).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Serologic Tests For Primary Syphilismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In studies that classified secondary syphilis on the basis of clinical diagnosis that included rash, mucocutaneous lesions or patchy alopecia, mucous patches, or condylomata lata; clinical diagnosis with visualized spirochetes on darkfield microscopy; or clinical diagnosis with reactive nontreponemal (lipoidal antigen) and treponemal serology, the sensitivity of both RPR and VDRL was 100% ( 96 – 99 , 101 , 103 , 105 , 128 – 131 ) (Supplementary Table 1, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/138288 ). Only two studies reported an RPR sensitivity of <100% (91% and 97.2%) ( 99 , 101 ).…”

Section: Recommendations For Syphilis Testing In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing, United States, 2024

Papp,

Park,

Fakile

et al. 2024

MMWR Recomm. Rep.

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Summary This report provides new CDC recommendations for tests that can support a diagnosis of syphilis, including serologic testing and methods for the identification of the causative agent Treponema pallidum . These comprehensive recommendations are the first published by CDC on laboratory testing for syphilis, which has traditionally been based on serologic algorithms to detect a humoral immune response to T. pallidum . These tests can be divided into nontreponemal and treponemal tests depending on whether they detect antibodies that are broadly reactive to lipoidal antigens shared by both host and T. pallidum or antibodies specific to T. pallidum , respectively. Both types of tests must be used in conjunction to help distinguish between an untreated infection or a past infection that has been successfully treated. Newer serologic tests allow for laboratory automation but must be used in an algorithm, which also can involve older manual serologic tests. Direct detection of T. pallidum continues to evolve from microscopic examination of material from lesions for visualization of T. pallidum to molecular detection of the organism. Limited point-of-care tests for syphilis are available in the United States; increased availability of point-of-care tests that are sensitive and specific could facilitate expansion of screening programs and reduce the time from test result to treatment. These recommendations are intended for use by clinical laboratory directors, laboratory staff, clinicians, and disease control personnel who must choose among the multiple available testing methods, establish standard operating procedures for collecting and processing specimens, interpret test results for laboratory reporting, and counsel and treat patients. Future revisions to these recommendations will be based on new research or technologic advancements for syphilis clinical laboratory science.

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Syphilis Laboratory Guidelines: Performance Characteristics of Nontreponemal Antibody Tests

Tuddenham

Katz

Ghanem

2020

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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We reviewed the relevant syphilis diagnostic literature to address the following question: what are the performance characteristics, stratified by the stage of syphilis, for nontreponemal serologic tests? The database search included key terms related to syphilis and nontreponemal tests from 1960–2017, and for data related to the venereal disease research laboratory test from 1940–1960. Based on this review, we report the sensitivity and specificity for each stage of syphilis (primary, secondary, early latent, late latent, or unknown duration; tertiary as well as neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, and otic syphilis). We also report on reactive nontreponemal tests in conditions other than syphilis, false negatives, and automated nontreponemal tests. Overall, many studies were limited by their sample size, lack of clearly documented clinical staging, and lack of well-defined gold standards. There is a need to better define the performance characteristics of nontreponemal tests, particularly in the late stages of syphilis, with clinically well-characterized samples. Published data are needed on automated nontreponemal tests. Evidence-based guidelines are needed for optimal prozone titrations. Finally, improved criteria and diagnostics for neurosyphilis (as well as ocular and otic syphilis) are needed.

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Comparison of serum and plasma specimens for syphilis serology using the reagin screen test

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Development and Application of an ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus IgG Antibodies

Development and Application of an ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus IgG Antibodies

CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing, United States, 2024

Syphilis Laboratory Guidelines: Performance Characteristics of Nontreponemal Antibody Tests

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