Comparison of Services for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Massachusetts with Those in Seoul

Kim, Jung Won; Kim, Hyo Won; Moon, Duk Soo; Lim, Yun Shin; McDougle, Christopher J.; Howe, Yamini J.

doi:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e288

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, children with autism and DD have limited access to public services, and ABA services that are overseen by board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) are not covered by the health care system (Hong et al, 2020). The availability of ABA services is limited in quantity, as evidenced by having only 56 BCBAs registered to practice in Seoul, which is the capital city of South Korea with around 30,000 children with DD (Behavior Analyst Certification Board, 2020; Kim et al, 2019).…”

Section: Parents In South Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Challenging Behavior Online Modules on Korean Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee¹,

Meadan

Xia

2022

Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions

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Challenging behavior exhibited by young children with neurodevelopmental disabilities is known to negatively affect their optimal development and families’ quality of life. Although some support exists for English-speaking parents of children with autism who live in high-resource countries, it is scarce for others. Such disparity may also be heightened during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with various societal restrictions. To mitigate the treatment gap, we developed and adapted a series of online training modules on behavioral principles and examined its effectiveness with 88 Korean parents using a randomized controlled trial. We found significant interaction effects on increasing parents’ knowledge of behavioral principles, increasing positive parenting practices, and decreasing parental stress. Qualitative social validity data also indicated that parents were highly satisfied with the goals, procedures, and outcomes and that the program positively affected their parenting styles.

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Section: Parents In South Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South Korea is a high-income country with a universal health care system (Kim et al, 2019). However, children with autism and DD have limited access to public services, and ABA services that are overseen by board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) are not covered by the health care system (Hong et al, 2020).…”

Section: Parents In South Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Challenging Behavior Online Modules on Korean Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee¹,

Meadan

Xia

2022

Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions

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“…Furthermore, because Korea has fewer schools and facilities (i.e. personal care, social training, and skilled nursing facility) for children and adolescents with ASD than other countries, those with ASD have fewer social contacts than even before the COVID-19 pandemic ( Kim et al, 2019 ; Lee & Yun, 2019 ). In addition, it has been reported that most adults with ASD were not fully vaccinated, therefore, the COVID-19 prevalence is higher among those with ASD ( Lunsky et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and severity of COVID-19 among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in the Republic of Korea

Yun

Kang

Lee

et al. 2023

Autism

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Autism spectrum disorder is considered a vulnerability for many diseases including coronavirus disease 2019. This study investigated trends in coronavirus disease 2019 among children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder and to evaluate whether there are differences in the prevalence, severity, and case fatality rate. We used data from the National Health Insurance Service for all people ⩽19 years of age. Among 9,187,211 children and adolescents ⩽19 years of age, 402,499 (4.4%) were coronavirus disease 2019–positive. Of the total population, 63,054 (0.7%) were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, among whom 2557 (4.1%) were coronavirus disease 2019–positive. The coronavirus disease 2019 prevalence was lower among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, with 4055 per 100,000 versus 4383 per 100,000 without autism spectrum disorder (p < 0.001). However, children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder exhibited a higher proportion of hospitalization (24.8% vs 21.5%) and severe disease (0.2% vs 0.01%) than those without autism spectrum disorder (p < 0.001); the length of hospital stay among inpatients was not different between the two groups (9.5 vs 9.4 days, respectively; p = 0.48). There were six deaths in total, with no deaths among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The quarantine policies have played a great role in sustaining low prevalence and higher hospitalization rates among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract It is more difficult to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, as they have trouble communicating and adjusting to their new daily lives like wearing masks and social distancing. However, there have not been many studies that focused on coronavirus disease 2019 among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. We included all Korean citizens under the age of 19 as our study subjects. Among them, we found out the prevalence, severity, and case fatality of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder was lower than that of those without autism spectrum disorder. For severity, children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder were more likely to enter severe stages of disease and had higher hospitalization rates than those without autism spectrum disorder. There were no deaths among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, while a few died among children and adolescents without autism spectrum disorder. However, due to the small number of deaths, it was difficult to determine whether there was a link between autism spectrum disorder and coronavirus disease 2019 deaths. We found that the appropriate quarantine policies have played a great role in sustaining overall low prevalence and higher hospitalization rates among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder than those without autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, because Korea has fewer schools and facilities (i.e. personal care, social training, and skilled nursing facility) for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder than other countries, those with autism spectrum disorder have fewer social contacts than even before the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…However, there is a risk that the number of people with ASD is underestimated in the disability registry due to issues such as stigma. 1 4 32 The National Health Insurance claims data provide information on everyone in the Republic of Korea who received care for ASD. However, it is possible that the actual social burden due to ASD may be overestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Premature Mortality Statistics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2022

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Background The aim of this study was to estimate the 8-year prevalence and mortality statistics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to birth year (2002–2012). Methods We used the National Health Insurance Service database with 4,989,351 children born from 2002 to 2012 including 35,529 children diagnosed with ASD until 8 years of age. The 8-year cumulative prevalence of ASD was calculated annually (2010–2020) with 8 years of follow-up. The 8-year mortality was estimated using Cox models adjusted for sex, household income, area of residence, and year of birth. Results Of the 473,494 children born in 2002, 2,467 (5.2 per 1,000 births) were diagnosed with ASD until 2010. The ASD prevalence was 2.6 times higher among boys (1,839; 7.4 per 1,000 boy births) than girls (628; 2.8 per 1,000 girl births). Of the 467,360 children born in 2012, 4,378 (9.4 per 1,000 births) were diagnosed with ASD until 2020. The ASD prevalence was 2.7 times higher among boys (3,246; 13.5 per 1,000 boy births) than girls (1,132; 5.0 per 1,000 girl births). The risk of all-cause mortality was higher among children with ASD than those without (hazard ratio [HR], 2.340; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.063–2.654), which is substantially higher among girls (HR, 4.223; 95% CI, 3.472–5.135) than boys (HR, 1.774; 95% CI, 1.505–2.090). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that national-level prevalence and mortality statistics of ASD can be estimated effectively using claims data comprising newborns born each year and followed up for to the age of interest. Because this information is essential to establish evidence-based policies, health authorities need to consider producing epidemiological information of ASD continuously using the same methodology.

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Comparison of Services for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Massachusetts with Those in Seoul

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Impact of Challenging Behavior Online Modules on Korean Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Impact of Challenging Behavior Online Modules on Korean Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Prevalence and severity of COVID-19 among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in the Republic of Korea

Prevalence and Premature Mortality Statistics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Birth Cohort Study

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