Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from wet microalgae using green solvents

Jesus, Sérgio S. de; Ferreira, Gabriela F.; Moreira, L. S.; Maciel, Maria Regina Wolf; Filho, Rubens Maciel

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.168

Cited by 97 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This effect is ultimately responsible for the enhanced raw lipid yields and FAME proportions described above. Water in occulated microalgae acts as a barrier between intracellular lipids in cells and DME [6] [35]. The miscibility of entrainers with water was crucial to achievement of e cient lipid extraction with minimal DME consumption.…”

Section: Dme-based Extraction With An Ethanol-acetone Entrainermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, our mixtures of DME and microalgae separated into two liquid layers, preventing the close contact between DME and algal cells that is required for lipid extraction. The addition of ethanol (dielectric constant of 24.60) or acetone (dielectric constant of 21.01) changes the polarity of the organic phase [35], increasing its miscibility with water. Conversely, the addition of THF (dielectric constant of 7.52) did not improve lipid extraction because it precipitated out of the microalgae slurry (sea water) [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Method for Extraction of Lipids From Liquid Microalgae Without Dewatering

Wang

Oshita

Takaoka

2020

Preprint

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Background: Recent studies of lipid extraction from microalgae have focused primarily on dewatered or dried samples, and the processes are simple with high lipid yield. Yet, the dewatering with drying step is energy-intensive, which makes the energy output from the extracted lipid is less than the energy needed to produce it. Thus, exploring an extraction technique for just a thickened sample without the dewatering, drying and auxiliary operation (such as cell disruption) is very significant. Whereas lipid extraction from the thickened microalgae is complicated by the high-water content involved, and traditional solvent hence cannot work well. Dimethyl ether (DME), a green solvent, featuring a high affinity for both water and organic compounds with an ability to penetrate the cell walls, has the potential to achieve this goal. Results: This study investigated an energy-saving method for lipid extraction using DME as the solvent with an entrainer solution (ethanol and acetone) for flocculation thickened microalgae. Extraction efficiency was evaluated in terms of extraction time, DME dosage, entrainer dosage, and ethanol:acetone ratio. Optimal extraction occurred after 30 minutes using 4.2 mL DME per 1 mL microalgae, with an entrainer dosage of 8% at 1:2 ethanol:acetone. Raw lipid yields and fatty acid methyl ester contents were compared against those of common extraction methods (Bligh & Dryer and Soxhlet). Thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and C/H/N elemental analyses were used to examine differences in lipids extracted using each of the evaluated methods. Considering influence of trace metals on biodiesel utilization, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analyses were used to quantify trace metals in the extracted raw lipids, which revealed relatively high concentrations of Mg, Na, K, and Fe.Conclusions: Our DME-based method recovered 26.4% of total raw lipids and 54.4% of total fatty acid methyl esters at first extraction with remnants being recovered by a 2nd extraction. In additional, the DME-based approach was more economical than other methods, because it enabled simultaneous dewatering with lipid extraction and no cell disruption was required. The trace metals of raw lipids indicated a purification demand in subsequent refining process.

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Section: Dme-based Extraction With An Ethanol-acetone Entrainermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Extraction of Lipids From Liquid Microalgae Without Dewatering

Wang

Oshita

Takaoka

2020

Preprint

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“…There are several methods for lipid extraction from microalgae, with the most common ones being Sohxlet, Folch and Bligh and Dyer methods [106]. These methods involve the use of organic solvents (e.g., hexane, chloroform and methanol).…”

Section: Chemometrics In the Production And Processing Of Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These solvents are being developed on the principles of green chemistry and are referred to as ‘green solvents’. However, there is limited information on the performance of this green solvents in comparison with traditional solvents [106]. Recent studies in microalgae employ extraction strategies that involve the selection of improved formula for solvents, as well as other technologies like supercritical fluid extraction and electrical disruption, which do not use toxic solvents [108].…”

Section: Chemometrics In the Production And Processing Of Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity

Musa

Ayoko

Ward

et al. 2019

Cells

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Microalgae are swift replicating photosynthetic microorganisms with several applications for food, chemicals, medicine and fuel. Microalgae have been identified to be suitable for biofuels production, due to their high lipid contents. Microalgae-based biofuels have the potential to meet the increasing energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the present state of technology does not economically support sustainable large-scale production. The biofuel production process comprises the upstream and downstream processing phases, with several uncertainties involved. This review examines the various production and processing stages, and considers the use of chemometric methods in identifying and understanding relationships from measured study parameters via statistical methods, across microalgae production stages. This approach enables collection of relevant information for system performance assessment. The principal benefit of such analysis is the identification of the key contributing factors, useful for decision makers to improve system design, operation and process economics. Chemometrics proffers options for time saving in data analysis, as well as efficient process optimization, which could be relevant for the continuous growth of the microalgae industry.

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“…Recently, a comparative study of lipid extraction from wet microalgae was performed using several methods such as the Soxhlet, Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Hara and Radin methods, with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and CPME as green solvents. The Bligh and Dyer methodology using the solvents 2-MeTHF/isoamyl alcohol (2:1 v/v ) and CPME/methanol (1:1.7 v/v ) showed an oil extraction yield less than 10% [70].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable and Selective Extraction of Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

et al. 2019

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The procedures for the extraction and separation of lipids and nutraceutics from microalgae using classic solvents have been frequently used over the years. However, these production methods usually require expensive and toxic solvents. Based on our studies involving the use of eco-sustainable methodologies and alternative solvents, we selected ethanol (EtOH) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) for extracting bio-oil and lipids from algae. Different percentages of EtOH in CPME favor the production of an oil rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), useful to biofuel production or rich in bioactive compounds. The proposed method for obtaining an extract rich in saturated or unsaturated fatty acids from dry algal biomass is disclosed as eco-friendly and allows a good extraction yield. The method is compared both in extracted oil percentage yield and in extracted fatty acids selectivity to extraction by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2).

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Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from wet microalgae using green solvents

Cited by 97 publications

References 30 publications

A Novel Method for Extraction of Lipids From Liquid Microalgae Without Dewatering

A Novel Method for Extraction of Lipids From Liquid Microalgae Without Dewatering

Factors Affecting Microalgae Production for Biofuels and the Potentials of Chemometric Methods in Assessing and Optimizing Productivity

Sustainable and Selective Extraction of Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae

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