Comparison of Single-Row and Multi-Row Planting Systems With Apple, With Regard to Productivity, Fruit Size and Colour, and Light Conditions

Wertheim, S.J.; Jager, A. de; Duyzens, M.J.J.P.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1986.160.25

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the 8th leaf stage, the highest density of all canopy systems still had the highest cumulative yield. Other studies, mainly in apples, reported that in the early life of an orchard, yield is related to tree density (Ferree, 1980;Wertheim et al, 1986). Similar results are now available for sweet cherry High density planting systems of European plums 55 (Balmer, 1998;Meland, 1998) and for plums (Mika et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

High density planting systems of European plums – the effect of growth and productivity of three cultivars after nine years

Meland¹

2005

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Sc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An intensive field planting of 'Edda', 'Opal' and 'Mallard' plum trees (Prunus domestica L.) all grafted on the semidwarf rootstock St. Julien A was established in 1993 at Ullensvang Research Centre, western Norway at 608 North. Four different single row planting systems (vertical axis, free spindle, hedgerow and Y-trellis) and three planting densities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5)/4 m for the Y-trellis and hedge trees and 2.0)/4 m for the central leader trees) were evaluated. This field planting gave a rapid canopy development and crop yields at early tree age. Trunk cross sectional area of the trees increased with increasing tree spacing. 'Opal' was the most vigorous cultivar. During the first four cropping years, the yields/ha were positively correlated with tree density. After nine years, cumulative yield per ha was highest on the Y-trellis and hedge trees with the highest density (5000 trees per ha). The two central leaders showed similar yield pattern, but yielded less than the two other systems. Plums produced on these canopy systems showed minor differences in the average fruit weights, and no significant differences were found among the spacings. The soluble solid contents of the plums were in general high. Neither planting density nor system had much impact on the sugar content of these cultivars. 'Opal' had significantly smaller plums and lower contents of soluble solids than the two other cultivars.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

High density planting systems of European plums – the effect of growth and productivity of three cultivars after nine years

Meland¹

2005

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Sc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Intensive bed systems were studied by Palmer and Jackson (1977) and multi-row systems by Wertheim (1986). Palmer (1988) has shown that bed systems can intercept up to 80% of PAR from the end of June until October and yield 78 tons/ ha in the third year.…”

Section: Intensive Planting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in apple culture worldwide

Robinson

2011

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Over the last 60 years, planting densities for apple have increased as improved management systems have been developed. Dwarfing rootstocks have been the key to the dramatic changes in tree size, spacing and early production. The Malling series of dwarfing rootstocks (M.9 and M.26) have been the most important dwarfing rootstocks in the world but are poorly adapted in some areas of the world and they are susceptible to the bacterial disease fire blight and the soil disease complex, apple replant disease which limits their uses in some areas. Rootstock breeding programs in several parts of the world are developing improved rootstocks with resistance to fire blight, and replant disease, and improved cold hardiness and yield efficiency. A second important trend has been the increasing importance of new cultivars. New cultivars have provided opportunities for higher prices until they are over-produced. A new trend is the "variety club" in which variety owners manage the production and marketing of a new unique cultivar to bring higher prices to the growers and variety owners. This has led to many fruit growers being unable to plant or grow some new cultivars. Important rootstock and cultivar genes have been mapped and can be used in marker assisted selection of future rootstock and cultivar selections. Other important improvements in apple culture include the development of pre-formed trees, the development of minimal pruning strategies and limb angle bending which have also contributed to the dramatic changes in early production in the 2 nd -5 th years after planting. Studies on light interception and distribution have led to improved tree forms with better fruit quality. Simple pruning strategies and labor positioning platform machines have resulted in partial mechanization of pruning which has reduced management costs. Improved plant growth regulators for thinning and the development of a thinning prediction model based on tree carbohydrate balance have improved the ability to produce the optimum fruit size and crop load. Other new plant growth regulators have also allowed control of shoot growth, control of preharvest fruit drop and control of fruit softening in storage after harvest. As we look to the future, there will be continued incremental improvement in our understanding of plant physiology that will lead to continued incremental improvements in orchard management but there is likely to be dramatic changes in orchard production systems through genomics research and genetic engineering. A greater understanding of the genetic control of dwarfing, precocity, rooting, vegetative growth, flowering, fruit growth and disease resistance which will lead to new varieties and rootstocks which are less expensive to grow and manage. Index terms: planting system, tree density, tree shape, rootstock, light interception, light distribution, feathered trees, tree training, limb angle, pruning, profitability, genome mapping. AVANÇOS NA POMICULTURA MUNDIALRESUMO: Nos últimos 60 anos, as densidades de plantio para ...

show abstract

“…Within a given tree fruit production system, early production is a function of plant density per unit area, with production increasing along with density (Ferree, 1980;Wertheim et al, 1986). High initial cane densities in raspberry may offer potential for higher early yields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primocane Development and Early Yield of `Heritage' Red Raspberry in Relation to Initial Plant In-row Spacing

Myers¹

1993

jashs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micropropagated plants of `Heritage' primocane-fruiting (PF) red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) were planted at in-row spacings of 100, 50, or 25 cm. Yield per unit area during the first season was positively correlated with initial plant in-row spacing. During the first season of growth, initial plant in-row spacing did not affect the total number of primocanes that developed but was positively associated with the numbers of primocanes that fruited. Yield per primocane, primocane yield efficiency, total nodes per primocane, and number of fruiting nodes per primocane were not affected by plant in-row spacing in the first year. Average fruit weight and fruiting primocane diameter in the first year were negatively associated with plant in-row spacing. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) penetrating the row canopy as measured in the first season was not affected by treatment. Treatment did not influence percentage of fruit exhibiting solar injury, shattering, or infection by Botrytis cinerea. Plant in-row spacing did not influence yield during the second and third production seasons.

show abstract

Comparison of Single-Row and Multi-Row Planting Systems With Apple, With Regard to Productivity, Fruit Size and Colour, and Light Conditions

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

High density planting systems of European plums – the effect of growth and productivity of three cultivars after nine years

High density planting systems of European plums – the effect of growth and productivity of three cultivars after nine years

Advances in apple culture worldwide

Primocane Development and Early Yield of `Heritage' Red Raspberry in Relation to Initial Plant In-row Spacing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About