Comparison of soft-tissue profiles in Le Fort I osteotomy patients with Dolphin and Maxilim softwares

Accuracy of three-dimensional soft tissue simulation in bimaxillary osteotomies

“…The use of V-Y closure after Le Fort I osteotomy seemed to be able to improve the simulation slightly, in contrast to the use of alar cinch sutures. This finding confirmed that MTM algorithm was able to give an acceptable prediction of the vermillion show (Nadjmi et al, 2013), as a V-Y closure was carried out to counteract the tendency for the shortening of the upper lip and to allow some eversion of the vermillion border (San Miguel Moragas et al, 2014). The alar cinch suture was primarily used to stabilize the alar width after surgery.…”

“…The relative low predictability of the effect of orthognathic surgery on the upper and lower lip position and the large variability in predicted lip positions were also found in the previous studies (Kaipatur and Flores-Mir, 2009;Bianchi et al, 2010;Marchetti et al, 2011;Xia et al, 2011;Nadjmi et al, 2013;Schendel et al, 2013;Shafi et al, 2013). It is remarkable that the most predictable and the least predictable landmarks are located so closely to each other.…”

“…Several computing algorithms have been adopted for soft tissue simulations. The most frequently used are the mass spring model (MSM) (Mollemans et al, 2007;Schendel et al, 2013), the finite element model (FEM) (Marchetti et al, 2006;Marchetti et al 2007;Marchetti et al, 2011) and the mass tensor model MTM (Mollemans et al, 2007;Nadjmi et al, 2013;Shafi et al, 2013). These algorithms were applied by several commercial software applications for 3D soft tissue simulation.…”

“…It needs to be underlined that average maxillary advancement in the study of Shafi et al was larger than in this study (5.5 mm vs. 2.7 mm), which might have induced more inaccuracies in the soft tissue simulation. The recent study performed by Nadjmi et al used 15 midline soft tissue landmarks on the midfacial plane to assess the soft tissue simulation error of Maxilim software (Nadjmi et al, 2013). Based on the findings of 13 patients who had undergone Le Fort I or bimaxillary surgery, the mean error in the horizontal direction for the landmarks subnasale, labrale superior and pogonion were respectively 0.05 mm, 0.062 mm and 0.16 mm.…”

3D Soft-Tissue Prediction Methodologies for Orthognathic Surgery—A Literature Review

“…From the analysis of the results, the authors found that both Dolphin and Maxilim predictions were accurate, but the simulation obtained with Maxilim made possible a quantification of volumetric changes (lips aspect) and a prevision of changes in the transverse plane. Even if the study focused on the comparison of accuracies (and for this reason only the lateral prediction was considered) between the two software, authors stated that 3D simulation would be helpful in complicated surgeries thanks to the third-dimensional information [27].…”