Comparison of some solid catalysts for the production of ethanolamines from ammonia and ethylene oxide in the liquid phase

Abstract

Muraki et al., 1985): the activity of Pd catalyst is increased under the cycling feed due to the periodic operation effect (Muraki et al., 1986).

The use of proton-exchanged X-type zeolite in catalysing ring-opening reactions of 2-substituted epoxides with nucleophiles and its effect on regioselectivity

“…attack at the more substituted carbon atom.I2 Therefore, the high acidity of the catalyst may facilitate the bond-cleavage forming the more stabilised carbocation, favouring step (b) over step (a); in fact, the ratio 3/4 tended to decrease with increased acidity of pillared mica as mentioned in section (6). If the ringopening is affected only by the acidity of the catalyst, the ratio should be lower in the case of H+-zeolite X rather than H2S04, because the zeolite ( H , < -8) l 3 is more acidic than H 2 S 0 4 ( H , ca.…”

Continuous flow synthesis of β-hydroxyethyl hydrazine in microreactors: process behavior and impurity formation mechanism

“…Referring to Johnson's investigation into the reaction between EO and NH 3 , it is noted that higher NH 3 concentrations tend to yield a greater content of multiple addition products. 38 In other words, a higher concentration of DEA and TEA means that more NH 3 is produced by the decomposition of N 2 H 4 . As a result, the performance of the PTFE reactor in the decomposition of N 2 H 4 to NH 3 is inferior to that of the stainless-steel reactor, and the initial concentration of MEA in the PTFE reactor is lower.…”

Development of Diethanolamine Selective Production Process Using Shape-Selective Zeolite Catalyst

“…Grice et al [10] have proposed acidic clays obtained by treating montmorillonite with heteropolyacid, or with group 3 or 13 metal chlorides. Vamling et al [19] have studied different forms of zeolites to catalyze the formation of MEA, DEA, and TEA in the liquid phase, and compared their performance with that of organic ion-exchange resins. They have predicted the product distribution and the capacity of a full-scale adiabatic packed-bed reactor for the different catalysts.…”