Comparison of Soybean, Canola, and Mustard Meals as Organic Sources of Nitrogen for Potatoes in Northern New England

Sexton, Peter; Jemison, John M.

doi:10.1094/cm-2011-0127-01-rs

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The percentages of N mineralized from Phytaboost and Sustane were similar to values previously reported for soybean meal and poultry litter. Sexton and Jemison (2011) reported that 75% of the N in soybean meal was mineralized into an organic potato field within 3 mo of application. These grits also mineralized similar amounts of N as high‐organic‐N fertilizers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic fertilizer abrasive grits increase soil available nitrogen, plant height, and biomass

Carlson

Forcella

Wortman

et al. 2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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In organic cropping systems, air-propelled abrasive grits can be used to control in-row weeds. If the applied abrasive grit is an approved organic fertilizer, these applications may serve a dual purpose of weed control and crop fertility. Laboratory soil incubations examined the N mineralization rates of several grit types with differing C/N ratios (Agra Grit [crushed walnut shells, 170:1], corncob grit [91:1], Sustane [composted turkey litter, 5.0:1], Phytaboost Plant Food [crushed and pelletized soybean meal, 5.0:1]). A greenhouse study determined plant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), kale (Brassica napus pabluaria DC), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) growth response in soils amended with these grits. The N mineralization rates varied by grit type, soil, and application rate. The N mineralized from Phytaboost within 56 d was similar among the amounts of N a whereas the amount of N mineralized from Sustane was inversely related to the amount of N applied. Agra Grit and corncob grit immobilized soil N due to their high C/N ratios. In soils amended with Sustane, plant height and biomass were 15-43% and 34-83% greater than for plants grown in soils with Agra Grit, corncob grit, and the nontreated soil. Applications of organic fertilizer as air-propelled grit may improve crop growth; however, if weed control is imperfect, these grits may increase weed growth. Grits with high C/N ratios may immobilize soil available N but not affect plant growth. Abbreviations: DAP, days after planting. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic fertilizer abrasive grits increase soil available nitrogen, plant height, and biomass

Carlson

Forcella

Wortman

et al. 2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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“…Fertilization consisted of soybean meal (7-1-1 N-P-K, non-GMO soybean meal; Zeeland Farm Services Inc., Zeeland, MI) broadcast at 1400 kg/ha before preplant striptillage or cultivation each year for all treatments. This rate was intended to meet crop phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) demands based on the soil test nutrient analysis, and to provide most crop N requirements after potential legume cover crop N inputs based on the assumption that $75% of the 98 kg N/ha applied in the soybean meal would be available during the year of application (Carlson et al 2020;Sexton and Jemison 2011;Sullivan et al 2019). During all years, insect arthropod pests were monitored, and their densities were found to be below the typical thresholds that would have justified pesticide application.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strip-tillage and Zonal Cover Cropping Effects on Organic Squash Production

Brainard

Hayden

Benzle

et al. 2023

horts

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Zonal management of cereal–legume cover crop mixtures may help address weed and nitrogen management challenges common in organic reduced tillage systems. During a field study conducted over 3 years in Michigan, we evaluated the effects of cover crop management, tillage, and supplemental mulch on organically produced acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo). During the fall season before squash production, rye (Secale cereale L.) and vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop mixtures were sown in two distinct spatial arrangements: a “mixed planting,” in which seeds were sown in the same rows, and a “zonal planting,” in which vetch was planted only in the in-row zone and rye was planted only in the between-row zone of the subsequent squash crop. During the following spring season, cover crops were mowed, and four tillage and cover crop management combinations were established: full-width tillage with the mixed planting of rye–vetch (full-till mixed); strip-till with the same mixed planting (strip-till mixed); strip-till with the rye–vetch zonal planting (strip-till zonal); and strip-till with the zonal planting and additional rye mulch added between crop rows immediately after crop establishment (strip-till zonal plus rye). The strip-till mixed treatment resulted in yields equivalent to those of the full-till mixed treatment despite lower available nitrogen and greater early weed competition in some cases. Within strip-till treatments, zonal planting of rye–vetch provided no benefits relative to full-width planting (treatment 2 vs 3) and resulted in lower total cover crop biomass, a higher density of escaped weeds, and lower squash yields during 1 of 3 years. Supplemental rye mulch improved weed suppression and yields in strip-till zonal treatments and resulted in yields equivalent to those of the full-till mixed treatment in all years, but it provided no benefits relative to strip-till mixed. Our results demonstrate that strip-till organic squash production can produce yields equivalent to full-till production in Northern climates, but that zonal planting and supplemental mulch have limited benefits for addressing ongoing weed and nitrogen management challenges. Growers must weigh costs associated with these challenges against potential benefits for soil and pest regulating ecosystem services before adopting these agricultural conservation practices.

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“…Crop fertility and weed management, within the confines of the certified organic regulations [5], are major concerns in organic production systems, as methods other than synthetic chemicals must be utilized. Alternative organic-approved nutrient sources include manures [6][7][8][9] and seed meals [9][10][11], when derived from certified organic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Abrasive Grit for Weed Management in Field Crops

Carlson¹,

Forcella²,

Wortman³

et al. 2018

Physical Methods for Stimulation of Plant and Mushroom Development

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Abrasive grit, applied at high pressure and directed at plant base, can control weeds and increase yield. We evaluated fertilizer [pelletized turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) litter] and non-fertilizer [walnut (Juglans regia) shell] grits for maize and soybean in-row (IR) weed management. Grits were applied at V1 and V5 of maize, and V1 and V3 of soybean. Between-row weed cultivation was done alone (BR), or in combination with grit (I/B), after grit application. Small weeds (<4 cm) were controlled after grit treatment, but, larger broadleaf weeds, grass weeds (treated when growing points were below ground), and later emerging weeds resulted in IR weed biomass similar between season-long weedy (SLW) and IR treatments by August. In maize, fertilizer and nonfertilizer I/B treatments averaged 44 and 14% greater yields, respectively, than SLW (p<0.01) but each was similar to BR which averaged 23% greater yield (p=0.63). Maize grain had 16% higher N content in the fertilizer I/B treatment than SLW or nonfertilizer I/B (p<0.003). In soybean, I/B increased yield by 17% (p=0.009) over SLW yield, but was similar to the BR increase of 22% (p=0.13). Maize had a greater positive response to fertilizer than nonfertilizer grit, whereas soybean was less influenced by I/B treatment.

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Comparison of Soybean, Canola, and Mustard Meals as Organic Sources of Nitrogen for Potatoes in Northern New England

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Organic fertilizer abrasive grits increase soil available nitrogen, plant height, and biomass

Organic fertilizer abrasive grits increase soil available nitrogen, plant height, and biomass

Strip-tillage and Zonal Cover Cropping Effects on Organic Squash Production

Using Abrasive Grit for Weed Management in Field Crops

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