Comparison of spatially and temporally resolved energy system models with a focus on Germany's future power supply

Gils, Hans Christian; Pregger, Thomas; Flachsbarth, Franziska; Jentsch, Mareike; Dierstein, Constantin

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113889

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Also CHP is not explicitly modelled. Earlier REMix studies have shown that high VRE shares require a power-controlled CHP operation (Gils 2015 andGils et al 2019). This means that -enabled by the integration of thermal energy storage as well as other heat sources -CHP systems are operated according to the power system needs and thus similar to the condensation power plants considered here.…”

Section: Remixmentioning

confidence: 92%

A sensitivity analysis on large-scale electrical energy storage requirements in Europe under consideration of innovative storage technologies

Moser

Gils

Pivaro

2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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As the share of variable renewable energies in the power system increases, so does the need for flexibility options. These include, inter alia, energy storage, network optimization and expansion, and demand side management. In this paper, a broad sensitivity analysis is carried out to assess the potential role of innovative electrical energy storage technologies in comparison to well-established ones. The innovative technologies considered include compressed heat energy storage, adiabatic compressed air energy storage, power-to-heat-to-power storage, and reversible solid oxide fuel cells storage. To this aim, the cost-optimizing energy system model REMix has been applied to analyze the impact of main techno-economic parameters of electrical energy storages on their role in the future European power supply system. Two main studies have been calculated. The first one deals with a cost sensitivity analysis on a generic storage technology. Among the main findings is that -beside cost -the ratio between photovoltaics and wind power potentials in a particular region have a relevant impact on the capacity as well as on the energy to power ratio of the installed storages. In addition, a strong competition has been observed between energy storages and gas turbines. The second scenario evaluates the competition between well-established and innovative energy storage technologies. The results show that while some of the regions -namely southern Europe, alpine regions and Scandinavia -mainly rely on pumped hydro storage, in most of Central European regions and United Kingdom the cost optimal solution consists of a mix of pumped hydro storage (totaling 64.2 TWh/y of discharged energy in Europe), hydrogen underground storage (45.1 TWh/y) and batteries (27.1 TWh/y), with an additional small share of power-to-heat-to-power storages (0.1 TWh/y). In line with earlier studies, hydrogen storage is found mostly in regions with high wind power supply, while the distribution of batteries is more spread overall in Europe. The model results underline the high sensitivity of the economic efficiency of storage facilities to the investment costs and their components.

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Section: Remixmentioning

confidence: 92%

A sensitivity analysis on large-scale electrical energy storage requirements in Europe under consideration of innovative storage technologies

Moser

Gils

Pivaro

2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…The model framework REMix [17], developed at DLR, was parameterized for this case study according to the regional structures and boundary conditions. The model approach represents the current state of research in the field of power system modeling, and has been applied in numerous research projects focusing on the German and European energy system [19][20][21][22]. It applies a cost minimization approach for capacity expansion planning and operation optimization with hourly resolution under certain constraints of CO 2 emissions and shares of renewable energy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Supply of Renewable Electricity to Metropolitan Regions in China

et al. 2020

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The accelerated urbanization and industrialization in China is leading to major challenges due to rising energy demand and emissions. Cities in particular play an important role in the decision-making and implementation processes for the energy transition. However, they often have only limited local energy potential and are heavily dependent on supply regions. We therefore assess how a predominantly renewable power supply can be implemented based on the availability of local or imported renewable resources. We present a case study in which an advanced energy system model is parametrized and applied to address questions which are relevant to the transformation of the energy system in China. The model is capable of simultaneously optimizing investment decisions and hourly power balances of a scenario year, taking into account different storage technologies, regional power exchange and policy constraints such as carbon cap, carbon price and renewable portfolio standards. The study takes the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region with Inner Mongolia as a supply region—considered as exemplary regions characterized by heterogeneous infrastructures, resources and consumption—as its model. Starting from a context-related normative energy scenario, we analyze a possible future electricity system under various assumptions using the Renewable Energy Mix (REMix) energy system model developed at the DLR (German Aerospace Center). Depending on the estimated potentials of renewable energies, technology costs and the projected electricity demand, the metropolitan region is mainly supplied with imported wind and solar power. A sensitivity analysis considers installed capacities, annual generation, CO2 emissions and costs. The results indicate that the assumption of storage costs is of great importance for the future total costs of an electricity system. Variations in other parameters led to different generation portfolios with similar system costs. Our results provide insights into future regional infrastructure needs, and underline the importance of regional coordination and governance for the energy transition in China.

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“…In previous studies, REMix was used to estimate the cost-optimal design of energy systems and has been applied in several studies, ranging from case studies for specific regions [22][23][24][25][26][27], model comparisons [28] to comprehensive model coupling [29]. The model adaptions necessary to consider LCA-based indicators in the REMix are described in the next section.…”

Section: The Traditional Remix Modeling Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Power System Expansion Planning for Europe and North Africa Using Multi-Objective Optimization

et al. 2021

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We integrate life cycle indicators for various technologies of an energy system model with high spatiotemporal detail and a focus on Europe and North Africa. Using multi-objective optimization, we calculate a pareto front that allows us to assess the trade-offs between system costs and life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of future power systems. Furthermore, we perform environmental ex-post assessments of selected solutions using a broad set of life cycle impact categories. In a system with the least life cycle GHG emissions, the costs would increase by ~63%, thereby reducing life cycle GHG emissions by ~82% compared to the cost-optimal solution. Power systems mitigating a substantial part of life cycle GHG emissions with small increases in system costs show a trend towards a deployment of wind onshore, electricity grid and a decline in photovoltaic plants and Li-ion storage. Further reductions are achieved by the deployment of concentrated solar power, wind offshore and nuclear power but lead to considerably higher costs compared to the cost-optimal solution. Power systems that mitigate life cycle GHG emissions also perform better for most impact categories but have higher ionizing radiation, water use and increased fossil fuel demand driven by nuclear power. This study shows that it is crucial to consider upstream GHG emissions in future assessments, as they represent an inheritable part of total emissions in ambitious energy scenarios that, so far, mainly aim to reduce direct CO2 emissions.

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Comparison of spatially and temporally resolved energy system models with a focus on Germany's future power supply

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

A sensitivity analysis on large-scale electrical energy storage requirements in Europe under consideration of innovative storage technologies

A sensitivity analysis on large-scale electrical energy storage requirements in Europe under consideration of innovative storage technologies

Modeling the Supply of Renewable Electricity to Metropolitan Regions in China

Considering Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Power System Expansion Planning for Europe and North Africa Using Multi-Objective Optimization

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