Comparison of specific activity and cytopathic effects of purified 33 kDa serine proteinase from Acanthamoeba strains with different degree of virulence

Kim, Won‐Tae; Kong, Hyun-Hee; Ha, Young-Ran; Hong, Yeonchul; Jeong, Hoon Eui; Yu, Hak Sun; Chung, Dong‐Il

doi:10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.321

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…(causative agent of amebic keratitis and granulomatous amebic encephalitis) probably function as important pathogenic factors and may serve as targets for the development of therapeutic agents (60)(61)(62).…”

Section: Roles In Human Diseases and Environmental Nitrogen Cycling Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Structures, and Collagen-Degrading Mechanisms of Bacterial Collagenolytic Proteases

Zhang¹,

Ran²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

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Bacterial collagenolytic proteases are important because of their essential role in global collagen degradation and because of their virulence in some human bacterial infections. Bacterial collagenolytic proteases include some metalloproteases of the M9 family from Clostridium or Vibrio strains, some serine proteases distributed in the S1, S8, and S53 families, and members of the U32 family. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in discovering new bacterial collagenolytic proteases and in investigating the collagen-degrading mechanisms of bacterial collagenolytic proteases. This review provides comprehensive insight into bacterial collagenolytic proteases, especially focusing on the structures and collagen-degrading mechanisms of representative bacterial collagenolytic proteases in each family. The roles of bacterial collagenolytic proteases in human diseases and global nitrogen cycling, together with the biotechnological and medical applications for these proteases, are also briefly discussed.

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Section: Roles In Human Diseases and Environmental Nitrogen Cycling Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Structures, and Collagen-Degrading Mechanisms of Bacterial Collagenolytic Proteases

Zhang¹,

Ran²,

Li³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

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“…Central roles have been proposed for proteases in diverse processes such as host cell invasion and egress, encystation, excystation, catabolism of host proteins, differentiation, cell cycle progression, cytoadherence, and both stimulation and evasion of the host immune responses (13). Until now, the proteinases of Acanthamoeba have been shown to be involved primarily in pathogenesis or phagocytosis (9,10,12,18,24). However, little is known about the role of proteinases during the encystation of Acanthamoeba.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Serine Proteinase Mediating Encystation of Acanthamoeba

et al. 2008

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Members of the genus Acanthamoeba, amphizoic protozoan parasites, are causative agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis. Proteinases play a role in various biologic actions in Acanthamoeba, including host tissue destruction, pathogenesis, and digestion of phagocytosed food. Interestingly, we found that encystation of Acanthamoeba was inhibited by the serine proteinase inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. In this study, we characterize a serine proteinase that is involved in mediating the encystation of Acanthamoeba. This encystation-mediating serine proteinase (EMSP) is shown to be highly expressed during encystation by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Chemically synthesized small interfering RNA against EMSP inhibited the expression of EMSP mRNA and significantly reduced the encystation efficiency of Acanthamoeba. An EMSPenhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein localized to vesicle-like structures within the amoeba. Using LysoTracker analysis, these vesicular structures were confirmed to be lysosomes. After incubation of the transfected amoeba in encystment media, small fluorescent vesicle-like structures gathered and formed ball-like structures, which were identified as colocalizing with the autophagosome. Taken together, these results indicate that EMSP plays an important role in the differentiation of Acanthamoeba by promoting autolysis.

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“…produce serine peptidases, cysteine peptidases, and metallopeptidases (1,2,9,10,14,16,18,19,21,25,26,37,38,41,42,52). In the present study, it is demonstrated that serine peptidases secreted by A. culbertsoni degrade chemokines and cytokines that are produced by immortalized mouse BV-2 microglia-like cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni Elicits Soluble Factors That Exert Anti-Microglial Cell Activity

et al. 2010

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Acanthamoeba culbertsoni is an opportunistic pathogen that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a chronic and often fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS). A hallmark of GAE is the formation of granulomas around the amoebae. These cellular aggregates consist of microglia, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, which produce a myriad of proinflammatory soluble factors. In the present study, it is demonstrated that A. culbertsoni secretes serine peptidases that degrade chemokines and cytokines produced by a mouse microglial cell line (BV-2 cells). Furthermore, soluble factors present in cocultures of A. culbertsoni and BV-2 cells, as well as in cocultures of A. culbertsoni and primary neonatal rat cerebral cortex microglia, induced apoptosis of these macrophage-like cells. Collectively, the results indicate that A. culbertsoni can apply a multiplicity of cell contact-independent modes to target macrophage-like cells that exert antiamoeba activities in the CNS.Acanthamoeba culbertsoni belongs to a group of free-living amoebae, such as Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia pedata, that can cause disease in humans (46,56). Acanthamoeba spp. are found worldwide and have been isolated from a variety of environmental sources, including air, soil, dust, tap water, freshwater, seawater, swimming pools, air conditioning units, and contaminated contact lenses (30). Trophozoites feed on bacteria and algae and represent the infective form (47, 56). However, under unfavorable environmental conditions, such as extreme changes in temperature or pH, trophozoites transform into a double-walled, round cyst (22, 45).Acanthamoeba spp. cause an infection of the eye known as amoebic keratitis (AK), an infection of the skin referred to as cutaneous acanthamoebiasis, and a chronic and slowly progressing disease of the central nervous system (CNS) known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) (22,23,30,56). GAE is most prevalent in humans who are immunocompromised (30,33,40) and has been reported to occur among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (28). It has been proposed that Acanthamoeba trophozoites access the CNS by passage through the olfactory neuroepithelium (32) or by hematogenous spread from a primary nonneuronal site of infection (23,24,33,53).In immune-competent individuals, GAE is characterized by the formation of granulomas. These cellular aggregates consist of microglia, macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes (24, 30). The concerted action of these immune cells results in sequestration of amoebae and is instrumental in slowing the progression of GAE. This outcome is consistent with the observation that granulomas are rarely observed in immunocompromised individuals (34) and in mice with experimentally induced immune suppression following treatment with the cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (⌬ 9 -THC) (8).Microglia are a resident population of macrophages in the CNS. These cells, along with CNS-invading perip...

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Comparison of specific activity and cytopathic effects of purified 33 kDa serine proteinase from Acanthamoeba strains with different degree of virulence

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Diversity, Structures, and Collagen-Degrading Mechanisms of Bacterial Collagenolytic Proteases

Diversity, Structures, and Collagen-Degrading Mechanisms of Bacterial Collagenolytic Proteases

Characterization of a Serine Proteinase Mediating Encystation of Acanthamoeba

Acanthamoeba culbertsoni Elicits Soluble Factors That Exert Anti-Microglial Cell Activity

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